{ "schemaVersion": 2, "eyebrow": "Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology", "title": "Transposition of the Great Arteries", "summary": "D-transposition requires rapid confirmation of anatomy, maintenance of effective intracardiac mixing, and neonatal anatomic repair; lifelong surveillance after arterial switch focuses on coronary obstruction, neo-aortic disease, ventricular function, and pulmonary arterial lesions.", "seoDescription": "Physician guide to d-transposition of the great arteries: neonatal stabilization, arterial switch decision-making, and surveillance after repair.", "clinicalQuestion": "How should clinicians stabilize, repair, and longitudinally surveil patients with transposition of the great arteries?", "specialty": "Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease", "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees", "tags": [ "d-transposition of the great arteries", "D-TGA", "arterial switch operation", "balloon atrial septostomy", "prostaglandin E1", "adult congenital heart disease" ], "keyTakeaways": [ "For simple D-TGA, plan early arterial switch operation after anatomic echocardiographic definition; early repair is associated with low mortality and reduced cost. [2]", "Do not use prostaglandin E1 or balloon atrial septostomy routinely in every infant; select these measures when physiologic mixing is inadequate. [2]", "Single or intramural coronary anatomy increases arterial-switch risk and should be defined before repair. [2]", "After arterial switch, new ventricular dysfunction or arrhythmia should trigger evaluation for coronary insufficiency because either may signal ischemia and is associated with sudden death. [2]", "Adults after arterial switch require congenital-cardiology follow-up directed at coronary anatomy, neo-aortic root and valve disease, great-artery anastomotic stenosis, ventricular function, and arrhythmias. [6][8]" ], "sections": [ { "id": "anatomic-branching", "eyebrow": "Initial Decision", "heading": "Establish the anatomic branch before choosing palliation or repair", "intro": "Management diverges by ventriculoarterial anatomy, septal defects, outflow obstruction, and coronary pattern.", "paragraphs": [ "Use transthoracic echocardiography as the decisive initial study in suspected D-TGA to establish ventriculoarterial discordance, define ventricular septal and atrial communications, assess outflow anatomy, ventricular performance, and map coronary features relevant to arterial switch planning. Echocardiography also identifies risk factors that affect operative planning. [2]", "Treat D-TGA as a neonatal surgical condition rather than a lesion for delayed outpatient decision-making. In simple D-TGA, the arterial switch operation (ASO) is the established anatomic corrective procedure; it transects and switches the great arteries and transfers the coronary arteries to the neo-aortic root. [2][3]", "Separate D-TGA from congenitally corrected TGA (CCTGA) because CCTGA commonly coexists with ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, or atrial septal defect and has a different longitudinal surgical and ventricular-risk framework. [22]" ], "bullets": [ "Document whether the anatomy is simple D-TGA or includes ventricular septal defect, pulmonary outflow obstruction, or a Taussig-Bing-type physiology; associated anatomy changes the surgical strategy and follow-up targets. [9][14]", "Specifically report single and intramural coronary arteries to the congenital surgical team; both remain risk factors with ASO. [2]", "Avoid routine preoperative CT, cardiac MR, or catheterization when echocardiography adequately defines neonatal D-TGA anatomy; these modalities have a larger role after repair when echocardiographic windows are limited. [12]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Anatomic findings that change the immediate management pathway in transposition of the great arteries. [2][9][12][22]", "columns": [ "Finding", "What it changes", "Next action" ], "rows": [ [ "Simple D-TGA with anatomy adequately defined by echocardiography", "Supports early anatomic correction with ASO. [2]", "Coordinate neonatal congenital cardiac surgery and perioperative planning. [2]" ], [ "Inadequate atrial-level mixing", "May require catheter-based augmentation of mixing rather than observation alone. [2][3]", "Consider balloon atrial septostomy based on physiologic need. [2]" ], [ "Single or intramural coronary artery", "Raises ASO risk because coronary transfer is integral to repair. [2]", "Communicate coronary anatomy explicitly for operative planning and later ischemia surveillance. [2]" ], [ "Postoperative limited echocardiographic windows or suspected extracardiac complication", "CT or MR may add anatomic information beyond echocardiography. [12]", "Use cross-sectional imaging to assess postoperative great vessels and coronary-related anatomy when clinically indicated. [12]" ], [ "CCTGA with VSD, pulmonary stenosis, or ASD", "This is not the routine simple D-TGA arterial-switch pathway. [22]", "Refer to a congenital heart center for anatomy-specific management. [22]" ] ] } }, { "id": "neonatal-stabilization", "eyebrow": "Preoperative Care", "heading": "Use prostaglandin and atrial septostomy selectively to restore effective mixing", "intro": "The immediate objective is adequate systemic oxygen delivery while definitive repair is organized.", "paragraphs": [ "In an infant with D-TGA and inadequate physiologic mixing, use prostaglandin E1 and/or balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) to improve mixing while preparing for definitive repair. The need is physiologic and anatomic, not automatic: expert review concludes that routine use of either BAS or prostaglandin E1 is not indicated for every patient with simple D-TGA. [2]", "Escalate to BAS when the atrial communication is restrictive or when clinically inadequate mixing persists despite medical stabilization. BAS is a catheter-based procedure that enlarges an atrial septal communication; its purpose is preoperative stabilization, not definitive correction of ventriculoarterial discordance. [3]", "Once anatomy and coronary pattern are defined and the infant is stabilized, avoid unnecessary delay to definitive surgery. Early ASO improves outcomes and reduces costs in simple D-TGA, with low operative mortality in the contemporary surgical era. [2]" ], "bullets": [ "Use serial echocardiography when clinical status changes to reassess atrial communication, ventricular function, outflow anatomy, and operative risk features. [2]", "Do not interpret BAS as eliminating the need for timely ASO; it is a bridge to anatomic repair. [2][3]", "Transfer infants requiring BAS or ASO to a center with pediatric interventional cardiology, congenital cardiac surgery, and postoperative cardiac intensive care capability. [2][3]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Preoperative interventions in simple D-TGA are selected by adequacy of mixing rather than used universally. [2][3]", "columns": [ "Clinical situation", "Intervention", "Purpose and limitation" ], "rows": [ [ "Adequate mixing with stable preoperative physiology", "Proceed with expedited surgical planning; do not presume routine prostaglandin E1 or BAS is required. [2]", "Avoids nonselective intervention while preserving the early-ASO pathway. [2]" ], [ "Inadequate mixing attributable to a restrictive atrial communication", "Balloon atrial septostomy. [2][3]", "Enlarges atrial-level communication to improve mixing; it is not definitive repair. [3]" ], [ "Need to maintain preoperative circulatory mixing", "Prostaglandin E1 as clinically indicated. [2]", "A bridge to definitive repair; routine use in all simple D-TGA is not indicated. [2]" ], [ "Stabilized infant with defined operative anatomy", "Early ASO. [2]", "Anatomic correction with coronary transfer and arterial realignment. [3]" ] ] } }, { "id": "definitive-repair", "eyebrow": "Surgery", "heading": "Choose arterial switch as the standard neonatal anatomic repair and plan around coronary risk", "intro": "The ASO restores the morphologic left ventricle to the systemic circulation and transfers the coronaries.", "paragraphs": [ "For neonatal D-TGA, ASO is the current surgical treatment of choice and the established corrective operation for ventriculoarterial discordance. The procedure includes transection of the aorta and pulmonary artery, coronary reimplantation into the neo-aortic root, and anatomic realignment of the great vessels. [3][5]", "The dominant technical and prognostic discriminator is coronary anatomy. Single or intramural coronary arteries remain ASO risk factors, so operative planning and subsequent ischemia surveillance should not treat coronary transfer as a completed issue once the neonatal operation ends. [2]", "Counsel families that contemporary early mortality in experienced centers is reported below 5%, but survival does not eliminate the need for reintervention surveillance. Late targets include pulmonary or neo-aortic valve stenosis, neo-aortic root dilation, coronary complications, and reoperation. [3][14][20]" ], "bullets": [ "Use ASO follow-up imaging to interrogate both reconstructed great arteries and ventricular function; branch pulmonary artery obstruction and neo-aortic disease are distinct late pathways. [8][9][20]", "When postoperative ventricular dysfunction or arrhythmia develops, prioritize coronary insufficiency in the differential rather than attributing symptoms only to nonspecific postoperative status. [2]", "Patients repaired with older atrial-switch procedures require a different surveillance framework from ASO survivors because the systemic ventricle is morphologic right ventricle rather than left ventricle. [12][15]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Late complications after ASO should be evaluated by the structure most likely to drive reintervention or ischemic risk. [2][8][9][20]", "columns": [ "Late finding", "Clinical implication", "Evaluation priority" ], "rows": [ [ "New arrhythmia", "May indicate coronary insufficiency and is associated with sudden death in post-ASO patients. [2]", "Assess ventricular function and evaluate for coronary-related ischemia. [2]" ], [ "New ventricular dysfunction", "Raises concern for coronary insufficiency after coronary transfer. [2]", "Prompt ischemia and coronary-anatomy assessment. [2]" ], [ "Neo-aortic root dilation or neo-aortic regurgitation", "Recognized long-term ASO complication; risk may be greater with older age at ASO or associated VSD with prior pulmonary artery banding. [8]", "Serial assessment of root dimensions, valve function, and ventricular response. [8]" ], [ "Great-artery anastomotic or branch pulmonary artery stenosis", "May require reintervention and can affect postoperative prognosis. [8][9][20]", "Use echocardiography and cross-sectional imaging when anatomy or acoustic windows require clarification. [12]" ], [ "Suspected coronary obstruction", "Coronary complications can occur after ASO despite rarity and may be linked to sudden death. [2]", "Obtain congenital-cardiology assessment with coronary-focused imaging strategy. [2][12]" ] ] } }, { "id": "lifelong-surveillance", "eyebrow": "Long-Term Care", "heading": "Surveil arterial-switch survivors for coronary, neo-aortic, pulmonary arterial, ventricular, and rhythm complications", "intro": "Follow-up must continue through adulthood even when childhood repair was uncomplicated.", "paragraphs": [ "Adults after ASO need longitudinal assessment in adult congenital heart disease care. Major late concerns are coronary insufficiency and myocardial ischemia, ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias, stenosis at great-artery anastomoses, and aortic or pulmonary regurgitation. [6][8]", "Use echocardiography as the routine structural and functional surveillance tool, then add cardiac CT or MR when echocardiographic acoustic windows are poor or when postoperative great-vessel or coronary anatomy requires more complete definition. CT and MR have an increasing role in the late postoperative period. [12]", "Treat new exertional symptoms, arrhythmia, ventricular dysfunction, or unexplained clinical deterioration as a coronary-warning phenotype in a patient with prior ASO. Coronary insufficiency and arrhythmias are uncommon but associated with sudden death; the appropriate response is coronary-focused evaluation rather than reassurance from a remote neonatal repair. [2]", "Before pregnancy, obtain comprehensive anatomic and functional assessment, including coronary anatomy. Pregnancy is generally well tolerated after ASO when important cardiovascular residua are absent, but this assessment determines whether that assumption applies to the individual patient. [8]" ], "bullets": [ "At each longitudinal review, document ventricular function, rhythm history, neo-aortic root and valve status, and evidence of pulmonary arterial or anastomotic obstruction. [6][8]", "Increase surveillance intensity when prior imaging shows neo-aortic dilation or regurgitation, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular dysfunction, or concerning coronary anatomy. [2][8][9]", "Refer patients with suspected coronary insufficiency, significant neo-aortic valve/root disease, great-vessel obstruction, or sustained arrhythmia to an adult congenital heart disease center for integrated imaging and reintervention planning. [6][8][12]" ], "subsections": [ { "heading": "Pregnancy planning after arterial switch", "paragraphs": [ "Do not base pregnancy counseling solely on absence of symptoms. Perform comprehensive preconception anatomic and functional assessment, explicitly including coronary anatomy; in the absence of important cardiovascular residua, pregnancy is generally well tolerated after ASO. [8]" ], "bullets": [ "Identify neo-aortic regurgitation or root dilation, ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmia, coronary concerns, and great-vessel obstruction before conception because each represents a residual lesion requiring individualized risk assessment. [6][8]" ] } ], "table": { "caption": "A practical surveillance response to common post-ASO clinical triggers. [2][6][8][12]", "columns": [ "Trigger", "Principal concern", "Action" ], "rows": [ [ "Asymptomatic routine adult follow-up", "Silent neo-aortic, pulmonary arterial, ventricular, rhythm, or coronary sequelae. [6][8]", "Congenital-cardiology review with structural and functional imaging surveillance. [6][8]" ], [ "Limited echocardiographic windows or unresolved postoperative anatomy", "Undercharacterized reconstructed great vessels or coronary anatomy. [12]", "Add cardiac CT or MR as clinically appropriate. [12]" ], [ "Arrhythmia or new ventricular dysfunction", "Coronary insufficiency and potential ischemia. [2]", "Prompt coronary-focused evaluation and adult congenital heart disease involvement. [2][6]" ], [ "Pregnancy consideration", "Unrecognized cardiovascular residua, including coronary abnormalities. [8]", "Complete preconception anatomic and functional assessment including coronary anatomy. [8]" ] ] } }, { "id": "distinguish-prior-repairs", "eyebrow": "Adult Assessment", "heading": "Identify the prior repair before interpreting adult TGA physiology", "intro": "The operative history determines the systemic ventricle, failure mode, and imaging priorities.", "paragraphs": [ "Confirm whether the patient underwent ASO, atrial switch (Mustard or Senning), Rastelli-type repair, or another anatomy-specific operation before applying an adult surveillance plan. CT and MR reviews distinguish the differing postoperative anatomy and clinical role of imaging after arterial versus atrial switch procedures. [12]", "An ASO survivor has coronary-transfer and neo-aortic/great-vessel surveillance priorities. By contrast, atrial-switch survivors have a systemic morphologic right ventricle, and publications of adult reoperations and long-term outcome analyze these populations separately. [12][15]", "For D-TGA with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis, historical and contemporary Rastelli pathways have distinct conduit and outflow considerations; avoid labeling all repaired TGA as an ASO result. [9]" ], "bullets": [ "Obtain operative reports whenever possible; the phrase “TGA repair” is insufficient to determine coronary anatomy, systemic ventricular morphology, or reintervention risk. [12][15]", "Use cross-sectional imaging selectively to clarify postoperative anatomy when prior records are unavailable or echocardiography is nondiagnostic. [12]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Prior operation determines the adult diagnostic frame in repaired TGA. [9][12][15]", "columns": [ "Prior operation", "Anatomic feature to recognize", "Follow-up emphasis" ], "rows": [ [ "Arterial switch operation", "Coronary arteries transferred to the neo-aortic root with anatomically realigned great arteries. [3][12]", "Coronary insufficiency, neo-aortic root/valve disease, pulmonary arterial obstruction, ventricular function, and rhythm. [2][8]" ], [ "Atrial switch operation", "Systemic morphologic right ventricle and surgically redirected venous pathways. [12][15]", "Systemic right-ventricular and atrial-switch pathway assessment using anatomy-appropriate imaging. [12][15]" ], [ "Rastelli-type repair", "D-TGA with VSD and pulmonary stenosis/outflow pathology managed through a distinct reconstructive pathway. [9]", "Evaluate repair-specific outflow and conduit anatomy rather than applying uncomplicated-ASO assumptions. 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Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.", "citations": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Surgical Management of Congenital - JAMA Network", "detail": "jamanetwork.com", "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/articlepdf/516462/archpedi_146_12_020.pdf?resultClick=1", "authors": "jamanetwork.com", "host": "jamanetwork.com", "snippet": "arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum: clinical, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and elec", "score": 0.45522344 }, { "number": 2, "title": "D-Transposition of the Great Arteries: The Current Era of the Arterial Switch Operation", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1150", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "Title: D-Transposition of the Great Arteries: The Current Era of the Arterial Switch Operation\nRegina Lantin-Hermoso, MD, Ami B.Bhatt, MD, James S.Tweddell, MD, Tal Geva, MD, Meena Nathan, MD, Martin J.Elliott, MD, … Show All …, Victoria L.Vetter, MD, MPH, Stephen M.Paridon, MD, Lazaros Kochilas, MD", "score": 0.8319231 }, { "number": 3, "title": "Arterial Switch Operation in Congenital Heart Disease | Surgery | Clinical Sciences | Health sciences | Topics | Nature Index", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/nature-index/topics/l4/arterial-switch-operation-in-congenital-heart-disease", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "The arterial switch operation is the established corrective procedure for transposition of the great arteries and related malformations characterised by ventriculoarterial discordance. First performed in the mid-1970s, it entails transection of the aorta and pulmonary artery, followed by reimplantat", "score": 0.70287734 }, { "number": 4, "title": "ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circulationaha.108.190690", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org", "snippet": "Long term behavioural outcome after neonatal arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Arch Dis Child. 2002; 87: 506–10. Google", "score": 0.657033 }, { "number": 5, "title": "Normal Coronary Flow Reserve After Arterial Switch Operation for ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000030937.27602.bd", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org", "snippet": "The current surgical treatment of choice for neonates with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is the arterial switch operation (ASO).", "score": 0.6337056 }, { "number": 6, "title": "2018 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults With ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000603", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org", "snippet": "Transposition of the Great Arteries With Arterial Switch. Recommendations for d-TGA With Arterial Switch. Referenced studies that support", "score": 0.629889 }, { "number": 7, "title": "Association Between Variation in Preoperative Care Before Arterial ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036145", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org", "snippet": "Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is the second most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. The arterial switch operation (", "score": 0.5473921 }, { "number": 8, "title": "ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease) Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.002", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "Long-term concerns after the ASO include coronary insufficiency, myocardial ischemia, ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias, and issues regarding stenosis at the great arterial anastomotic sites, as well as development of aortic or pulmonary regurgitation. Significant neoaortic root dilatation and", "score": 0.6867278 }, { "number": 9, "title": "2025 ACC/AHA/HRS/ISACHD/SCAI Guideline for the ... - JACC", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2025.09.006", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "Crossref\n\nPubMed\n\nGoogle Scholar\n\n33.\n\nKoubský K., Gebauer R., Tláskal T., et al. Long-term survival and freedom from coronary artery reintervention after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: a population-based nationwide study. _J Am Heart Assoc_. 2021;10:e020479.\n\nCro", "score": 0.6219319 }, { "number": 10, "title": "Long-term outcome in congenitally corrected transposition of ... - JACC", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/S0735-1097%2800%2900682-3", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "The purpose of this study was to determine long-term outcome in adults with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA), with particular", "score": 0.54303354 }, { "number": 11, "title": "a cardiologist - Obstetrics and Gynecology", "detail": "obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/uog.70280", "authors": "obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "The ESC clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease 2020. ... switch operation for transposition of the great arteries", "score": 0.74652773 }, { "number": 12, "title": "Transposition of the Great Vessels — The arterial switch operation, the atrial switch operation, the coronaries - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105898130900037X", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "Title: Transposition of the Great Vessels — The arterial switch operation, the atrial switch operation, the coronaries - ScienceDirect\n# Transposition of the Great Vessels — The arterial switch operation, the atrial switch operation, the coronaries. Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is one o", "score": 0.7327644 }, { "number": 13, "title": "Outcome in adult patients after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167527312008571", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "2021, European Heart Journal \n ### 2018 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines\n\n2019, Circulation \n ### Clinical ", "score": 0.7318455 }, { "number": 14, "title": "Twenty-Three-Year Experience With the Arterial Switch Operation: Expectations and Long-Term Outcomes - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043067920300046", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "### J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg\n\n### Outcomes of the arterial switch operation in children less than 2.5 kilograms\n\n### Ann Thorac Surg\n\n### Outcomes of the arterial switch operation in patients with Taussig-Bing anomaly\n\n### Ann Thorac Surg\n\n## Cited by (28)\n\n### Primary Arterial Switch Operation for ", "score": 0.6688159 }, { "number": 15, "title": "Reoperations in Adolescents and Adults After Prior Arterial Switch Operation: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database Analysis - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003497524004685", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "### J Am Coll Cardiol\n\n### Transposition of the great arteries: which operation?\n\n### Ann Thorac Surg\n\n### D-Transposition of the great arteries: the current era of the arterial switch operation\n\n### J Am Coll Cardiol\n\n### Outcomes of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arte", "score": 0.59372765 }, { "number": 16, "title": "Coronary Artery Anatomy in Congenital Heart Disease", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/chd.12067", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "Long- term fate of the coronary arteries after the arterial switch operation in newborns with transposition of the great arteries. Heart. 1996;76:274–279", "score": 0.5271467 }, { "number": 17, "title": "Transposition of the Great Arteries - Wiley Online Library", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118742440.ch24", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "Transposition of the great arteries is the second most common cyanotic congenital heart defect. Using fetal ultrasounds the diagnosis can be", "score": 0.48703963 }, { "number": 18, "title": "1047 Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Edition. Edited by ...", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/chapter-epub/10.1002/9781444398786.index", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "transposition of great arteries growth. Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy 192, Rastelli classification 311 Rastelli operation, with REV 643 Rastelli-Senning", "score": 0.5663309 }, { "number": 19, "title": "Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease: Index - Wiley Online Library", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/chapter-epub/10.1002/9781119791690.index", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries , 369 ventricular septal defects … balloon atrial septostomy (BAS)", "score": 0.40882006 }, { "number": 20, "title": "Long-term outcomes of the arterial switch operation for transposition ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/icvts/article/23/2/240/1749817", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "Despite a continual rate of reinterventions, long-term survival and cardiovascular outcome are excellent after ASO for complex TGA. Dilatation", "score": 0.528169 }, { "number": 21, "title": "Congenital heart disease in adults - ScienceDirect.com", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/bja/article-pdf/78/4/416/18260709/780416.pdf", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "Transposition of the great arteries refers to a condi- tion in which the aorta arises from an anatomical right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from an.", "score": 0.49392182 }, { "number": 22, "title": "Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: one ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/ehjcr/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/ehjcr/ytaf174/62886567/ytaf174.pdf", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "It is often accompanied by associated heart lesions, such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) or atrial septal defect. With", "score": 0.36922464 }, { "number": 23, "title": "Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with transposition ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/ejcts/article/51/1/e1/2895977", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "Transposition of the great arteries is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect [2]. It accounts for approximately 5% of congenital heart disease cases", "score": 0.34614387 }, { "number": 24, "title": "Emergence of the arterial switch procedure for transposition of the ...", "detail": "www.jtcvs.org", "url": "https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(17)30538-X/fulltext", "authors": "www.jtcvs.org", "host": "www.jtcvs.org", "snippet": "The arterial switch operation (Jatene procedure), which revolutionized the care of individuals born with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA),", "score": 0.43510985 } ], "publishedAt": "2026-09-15T23:04:01.900937+00:00", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15T23:04:01.900937+00:00", "readingMinutes": 5, "slug": "transposition-of-the-great-arteries" }