{ "schemaVersion": 2, "eyebrow": "Cardiovascular medicine", "title": "Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy", "summary": "Treat suspected takotsubo cardiomyopathy as acute coronary syndrome until coronary occlusion is excluded, then use ventricular pattern, hemodynamics, and cardiac MRI to distinguish mimics and direct shock management, thrombosis surveillance, and follow-up imaging.", "seoDescription": "Physician guide to diagnosing and managing takotsubo cardiomyopathy, including ACS exclusion, LVOT obstruction, imaging, complications, and prognosis.", "clinicalQuestion": "How should clinicians confirm, stabilize, and monitor takotsubo cardiomyopathy while excluding acute coronary occlusion and other myocardial injury?", "specialty": "Cardiology", "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees", "tags": [ "takotsubo syndrome", "stress cardiomyopathy", "apical ballooning syndrome", "MINOCA", "LVOT obstruction", "cardiogenic shock" ], "keyTakeaways": [ "A presentation compatible with takotsubo syndrome requires initial acute coronary syndrome management and urgent coronary angiography when ACS cannot be excluded. [4][20]", "Do not diagnose takotsubo from a trigger, sex, ECG, or biomarker pattern alone: obstructive coronary disease can coexist, and a wall-motion abnormality confined to one coronary territory should prompt reconsideration of infarction and, where available, intracoronary imaging. [15][16]", "In shock, urgently identify dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; avoid inotropes, diuretics, and nitroglycerin when obstruction is present. [4]", "Low LVEF, right-ventricular involvement, male sex, and neurologic disease identify patients at increased risk for in-hospital complications and support monitored inpatient care. [8]", "Recovery of ventricular function does not eliminate risk: registry data estimate recurrence at 1.8% per patient-year and major adverse events at 9.9% per patient-year. [7]" ], "sections": [ { "id": "acute-acs-pathway", "eyebrow": "First hours", "heading": "Manage the initial presentation as possible acute coronary syndrome", "intro": "The first decision is whether an occlusive coronary event remains plausible.", "paragraphs": [ "Patients presenting with ischemic ECG changes, troponin elevation, acute chest pain, dyspnea, or new regional LV dysfunction should enter an ACS pathway rather than receive a presumptive stress-cardiomyopathy diagnosis. Initial management includes antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulation, vasodilators when hemodynamically appropriate, continuous ECG monitoring, and urgent coronary angiography when ACS remains a concern. [4]", "Obtain 12-lead ECG, serial troponin, natriuretic peptide measurement, and transthoracic echocardiography early, but do not use discordance between a modest troponin rise and extensive wall-motion abnormality to defer angiography. Troponin is elevated in approximately 92% of takotsubo presentations, and admission LVEF is reduced in most affected patients; neither finding distinguishes the syndrome reliably from ACS. [4][6]", "Ask specifically about an acute emotional event, physical illness or procedure, acute neurologic disease, and psychiatric history. These increase diagnostic probability but are not diagnostic criteria; approximately one-quarter of registry presentations followed an emotional trigger, more than one-third followed a physical trigger, and the remainder had no identified trigger. [7][16]" ], "bullets": [ "Escalate directly to invasive coronary evaluation for persistent ischemic symptoms, ST-segment elevation, hemodynamic instability, malignant arrhythmia, or a new severe regional LV dysfunction pattern. [4][20]", "Use coronary CT angiography only when a noninvasive coronary anatomic assessment is clinically suitable; it can assess coronary anatomy and regional LV contraction but does not replace urgent invasive evaluation in an unstable ACS-like presentation. [4]", "Do not let postmenopausal female sex lower the threshold for ACS treatment; although takotsubo predominantly affects postmenopausal women, men have greater in-hospital complication risk. [8][16]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Initial tests should establish ACS risk, characterize ventricular function, and identify hemodynamic mechanisms that alter treatment. [4][15][16]", "columns": [ "Test", "Actionable finding", "What it changes" ], "rows": [ [ "Coronary angiography with ventriculography", "No culprit obstructive lesion plus a characteristic transient LV dysfunction pattern supports takotsubo; significant coronary artery disease does not exclude it. [16]", "Distinguishes a likely culprit coronary event from a working diagnosis of takotsubo or another MINOCA mimic. [15][16]" ], [ "Transthoracic echocardiography", "Assess LVEF, regional wall-motion pattern, right-ventricular involvement, and LVOT obstruction. [4][8]", "Low LVEF and RV involvement identify higher in-hospital risk; LVOT obstruction changes shock treatment. [4][8]" ], [ "Serial troponin and BNP or NT-proBNP", "A relatively low troponin with higher BNP is a recognized takotsubo biomarker pattern, but biomarker ratios require further validation for routine diagnosis. [20]", "Supports, but must not establish, diagnostic suspicion while coronary and inflammatory causes are evaluated. [20]" ], [ "Cardiac MRI", "Edema in dysfunctional myocardium with an appropriate LV dysfunction pattern can support takotsubo; MRI also evaluates infarction, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [14][15]", "Reclassifies patients with nonobstructive coronaries when the diagnosis remains uncertain after angiography and echocardiography. [15][21]" ] ] } }, { "id": "confirm-diagnosis-and-exclude-mimics", "eyebrow": "Diagnostic branch point", "heading": "Confirm a transient noncoronary ventricular pattern and actively exclude mimics", "intro": "Takotsubo is a clinicoradiographic diagnosis after competing acute myocardial injury mechanisms are addressed.", "paragraphs": [ "The central imaging discriminator is regional LV dysfunction that usually extends beyond a single epicardial coronary distribution. Typical apical ballooning is not the only phenotype; mid-ventricular and other atypical patterns occur. If the abnormality is restricted to one coronary territory, reconsider plaque rupture, spontaneous recanalization, embolic infarction, or spontaneous coronary artery dissection rather than assigning the diagnosis solely on the basis of unobstructed angiography. [14][15]", "Review angiographic anatomy against the wall-motion distribution before finalizing the diagnosis. When a focal wall-motion abnormality corresponds to a single coronary bed and no angiographic culprit is evident, IVUS or optical coherence tomography should be considered where available to evaluate an occult coronary lesion. [15]", "Use cardiac MRI when angiography shows no culprit lesion or when myocarditis, infarction, infiltrative disease, or an atypical ventricular pattern remains plausible. MRI can identify myocardial edema in the dysfunctional region, assess the distribution of late gadolinium enhancement, and diagnose alternative causes of troponin-positive ACS presentations with nonobstructive coronaries. [14][15][21]" ], "bullets": [ "Do not exclude takotsubo solely because coronary artery disease is present; significant CAD is not incompatible with the diagnosis when it does not explain the ventricular dysfunction pattern. [16]", "Do not classify a patient with infectious myocarditis as takotsubo; absence of infectious myocarditis is included in International Takotsubo Diagnostic Criteria. [16]", "Pheochromocytoma and acute neurologic disorders may trigger takotsubo physiology; identify and treat the precipitating disorder rather than treating the cardiac syndrome in isolation. [16]" ], "subsections": [ { "heading": "Useful but nondiagnostic clinical pattern", "paragraphs": [ "Compared with matched ACS patients, patients with takotsubo had more neurologic or psychiatric disorders, a lower mean admission LVEF, and less marked in-hospital troponin increase in registry data. Use these as probability modifiers only; angiographic and imaging correlation remains decisive. [6]" ], "bullets": [] } ], "table": { "caption": "Features that should redirect the evaluation away from uncomplicated takotsubo syndrome. [14][15][16][21]", "columns": [ "Finding", "Diagnostic concern", "Next action" ], "rows": [ [ "Wall-motion abnormality confined to one coronary territory", "Acute MI or occult coronary pathology. [15]", "Re-review angiography; consider IVUS or OCT where available. [15]" ], [ "Nonobstructive coronaries with unresolved diagnostic uncertainty", "Myocarditis, infarction, pericarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or true MINOCA. [15][21]", "Perform cardiac MRI for tissue characterization and alternate diagnosis. [15][21]" ], [ "Hemodynamic collapse with basal hyperkinesis or suspected dynamic obstruction", "LVOT obstruction rather than pump failure alone. [4]", "Use urgent echocardiography and avoid therapies that worsen obstruction. [4]" ], [ "Acute neurologic event or pheochromocytoma", "Recognized secondary trigger. [16]", "Treat the precipitating neurologic or catecholamine-mediated condition while managing cardiac complications. [16]" ] ] } }, { "id": "hemodynamic-management", "eyebrow": "Complication-directed care", "heading": "Treat shock according to LVOT obstruction and ventricular failure phenotype", "intro": "The same blood pressure can require opposite treatment depending on the echocardiographic mechanism.", "paragraphs": [ "For cardiogenic shock or acute pulmonary edema, obtain urgent echocardiography to assess LVEF, right-ventricular involvement, and dynamic LVOT obstruction. In takotsubo-associated shock with LVOT obstruction, inotropes, diuretics, and nitroglycerin are contraindicated because they may worsen the obstruction; management instead requires an obstruction-directed strategy. [4]", "A published STEMI-mimic case with takotsubo and LVOT obstruction reported improved blood pressure after beta-blocker and phenylephrine administration, illustrating the rationale for reducing dynamic obstruction while supporting afterload. Apply this approach only with bedside hemodynamic and echocardiographic assessment, because the evidence is case-based and shock mechanisms vary. [3][4]", "Without LVOT obstruction, manage acute ventricular dysfunction and congestion according to the hemodynamic phenotype after ACS and mechanical complications have been evaluated. Continue continuous ECG monitoring during the acute phase because the syndrome presents with ECG abnormalities and can have serious in-hospital complications comparable to those seen in ACS cohorts. [4][7][16]" ], "bullets": [ "Before administering nitrates, loop diuretics, or positive inotropes to a hypotensive patient, document whether LVOT obstruction is present on echocardiography. [4]", "Treat the precipitating physical illness aggressively; physical triggers are common and were associated with poorer outcomes than emotional triggers in reported literature. [7][16]", "Use a monitored setting for patients with shock, severe LV dysfunction, right-ventricular involvement, or significant arrhythmia. [8]" ], "subsections": [ { "heading": "Risk features supporting higher-acuity admission", "paragraphs": [ "The GEIST prognostic study identified lower LVEF, right-ventricular involvement, neurologic disorders, and male sex as independent predictors of in-hospital complications. The odds ratio for complications was 2.66 with RV involvement, 2.44 with neurologic disease, and 2.46 in men; lower LVEF was also independently associated with complications. [8]" ], "bullets": [ "Reassess LVEF and RV function when the clinical course worsens; both are prognostic variables rather than static diagnostic descriptors. [8]", "Treat acute dyspnea as a risk marker rather than reassurance from a presumed emotional trigger; dyspnea was among univariate correlates of in-hospital complications. [8]" ] } ], "table": { "caption": "Hemodynamic branch algorithm for acute takotsubo-associated shock. [3][4][8]", "columns": [ "Clinical branch", "Immediate assessment", "Treatment implication" ], "rows": [ [ "Shock with LVOT obstruction", "Urgent echocardiography to identify obstruction and ventricular pattern. [4]", "Avoid inotropes, diuretics, and nitroglycerin; beta-blockade and phenylephrine have been reported to stabilize LVOT-obstructed shock. [3][4]" ], [ "Shock without documented LVOT obstruction", "Define LV and RV function and exclude ongoing ACS or other mechanical causes. [4][8]", "Manage as acute ventricular failure according to the measured hemodynamic phenotype; do not apply the obstruction-specific prohibitions without evidence of obstruction. [4]" ], [ "RV involvement or low LVEF", "Repeat echocardiographic assessment and monitor for in-hospital complications. [8]", "Use higher-acuity observation because both predict complications. [8]" ] ] } }, { "id": "discharge-and-follow-up", "eyebrow": "After stabilization", "heading": "Document ventricular recovery and counsel according to persistent event risk", "intro": "Clinical improvement should be paired with objective reassessment of ventricular function.", "paragraphs": [ "Arrange follow-up transthoracic echocardiography to document recovery of LV systolic function and resolution of the acute regional wall-motion abnormality. Complete recovery of LVEF typically occurs within weeks, but recovery should be demonstrated rather than presumed, especially after severe initial dysfunction or an atypical pattern. [23]", "Counsel patients that takotsubo is not uniformly benign. In a 1,750-patient international registry analysis, cardiogenic shock and in-hospital death were similar to rates in matched ACS patients; subsequent major adverse events occurred at 9.9% per patient-year, death at 5.6% per patient-year, and recurrence at 1.8% per patient-year. [7]", "Long-term pharmacotherapy remains uncertain. Observational registry analysis associated ACE inhibitor or ARB treatment with improved prognosis, whereas beta-blocker treatment showed no prognostic association; these findings should not be interpreted as randomized evidence of recurrence prevention. [7]" ], "bullets": [ "At discharge, identify the precipitating emotional, medical, neurologic, or catecholamine-related event and ensure targeted follow-up for that condition. [16]", "Prioritize closer follow-up after a physical trigger, neurologic disease, low LVEF, or RV involvement because these features are associated with worse acute risk. [7][8]", "Reevaluate any recurrent ACS-like presentation de novo; prior takotsubo does not exclude recurrent takotsubo, acute MI, myocarditis, or another cause of myocardial injury. [7][15][21]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Post-acute priorities are driven by recovery documentation, recurrence counseling, and precipitant-specific care. [7][16][23]", "columns": [ "Follow-up task", "Timing principle", "Decision supported" ], "rows": [ [ "Repeat transthoracic echocardiography", "After the acute episode to confirm expected recovery within weeks. [23]", "Persistent dysfunction should prompt reassessment for an alternative or additional cardiomyopathy. [15][23]" ], [ "Review long-term neuropsychiatric and medical triggers", "At early follow-up and after new symptoms. [6][16]", "Addresses common associated disorders and recognizes trigger recurrence. [6][16]" ], [ "Discuss recurrence and event risk", "At discharge and follow-up. [7]", "Frames recurrence risk of 1.8% per patient-year and supports prompt reassessment of future ACS-like symptoms. [7]" ] ] } } ], "faq": [], "references": [ { "number": 1, "title": "MAUDE Adverse Event Report: INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC ION ...", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfmaude/detail.cfm?mdrfoi__id=20800416&pc=EOQ", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov" }, { "number": 2, "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress ...", "detail": "www.nejm.org", "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1406761", "authors": "www.nejm.org", "host": "www.nejm.org" }, { "number": 3, "title": "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with LVOT obstruction in a case of STEMI", "detail": "casereports.bmj.com", "url": "https://casereports.bmj.com/content/bmjcr/14/1/e236171.full.pdf", "authors": "casereports.bmj.com", "host": "casereports.bmj.com" }, { "number": 4, "title": "Evaluation and management of chest pain from cardiovascular ...", "detail": "www.bmj.com", "url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/392/bmj-2025-086177.full.pdf", "authors": "www.bmj.com", "host": "www.bmj.com" }, { "number": 5, "title": "Cardiomyopathy and pregnancy - 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ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002914923012365", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" } ], "editorialNote": "Prepared from cited clinical literature using Astra's research workflow. Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.", "citations": [ { "number": 1, "title": "MAUDE Adverse Event Report: INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC ION ...", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfmaude/detail.cfm?mdrfoi__id=20800416&pc=EOQ", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "snippet": "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a significantly more frequent cause of acute coronary syndrome and has been reported to account for 1-3% of all patients presenting", "score": 0.31849626 }, { "number": 2, "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress ...", "detail": "www.nejm.org", "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1406761", "authors": "www.nejm.org", "host": "www.nejm.org", "snippet": "The International Takotsubo Registry, a consortium of 26 centers in Europe and the United States, was established to investigate clinical", "score": 0.46453777 }, { "number": 3, "title": "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with LVOT obstruction in a case of STEMI", "detail": "casereports.bmj.com", "url": "https://casereports.bmj.com/content/bmjcr/14/1/e236171.full.pdf", "authors": "casereports.bmj.com", "host": "casereports.bmj.com", "snippet": "Beta blockers and phenylephrine were rapidly administrated, resulting in improved blood pressure and stabilisation of the patient.", "score": 0.60917604 }, { "number": 4, "title": "Evaluation and management of chest pain from cardiovascular ...", "detail": "www.bmj.com", "url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/392/bmj-2025-086177.full.pdf", "authors": "www.bmj.com", "host": "www.bmj.com", "snippet": "of 24 observational studies with 1720 patients with SCAD comparing conservative versus invasive management found no difference in mortality, myocardial infarction, or recurrence.88 Guidelines recommend reserving PCI or CABG for patients with hemodynamic instability, ongoing ischemia, or left main di", "score": 0.45871297 }, { "number": 5, "title": "Cardiomyopathy and pregnancy - Heart", "detail": "heart.bmj.com", "url": "https://heart.bmj.com/content/105/20/1543", "authors": "heart.bmj.com", "host": "heart.bmj.com", "snippet": "Evaluation of risk factors and counselling before conception is important. During pregnancy, moderate risk to high-risk patients should be followed each trimester if they are in WHO class II and followed monthly or every second month if in WHO class III. This should be performed to detect symptoms a", "score": 0.37689888 }, { "number": 6, "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy | New England Journal of Medicine", "detail": "www.nejm.org", "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa1406761", "authors": "www.nejm.org", "host": "www.nejm.org", "snippet": "Among patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy, as compared with an acute coronary syndrome, rates of neurologic or psychiatric disorders were higher (55.8% vs. Patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy had a higher prevalence of neurologic or psychiatric disorders than did those with an acute coronary s", "score": 0.5999311 }, { "number": 7, "title": "The Natural History of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - Heart", "detail": "blogs.bmj.com", "url": "https://blogs.bmj.com/heart/2015/11/04/the-natural-history-of-takotsubo-cardiomyopathy", "authors": "blogs.bmj.com", "host": "blogs.bmj.com", "snippet": "cardiogenic shock and death were similar to rates of these events in a matched cohort of patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. Predictors of in-hospital complications of takotsubo cardiomyopathy included a physical event triggering presentation, acute neurologic or psychiatric diseas", "score": 0.560566 }, { "number": 8, "title": "Assessment of the German and Italian Stress Cardiomyopathy Score for Risk Stratification for In-hospital", "detail": "jamanetwork.com", "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2739417", "authors": "jamanetwork.com", "host": "jamanetwork.com", "snippet": "Title: Assessment of the German and Italian Stress Cardiomyopathy Score for Risk Stratification for In-hospital\n# Assessment of the German and Italian Stress Cardiomyopathy Score for Risk Stratification for In-hospital Complications in Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome | Cardiology | JAMA Cardiology ", "score": 0.37147912 }, { "number": 9, "title": "Long-Term Prognosis and Outcome Predictors in Takotsubo Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Study", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.10.009", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "Crossref\n\nPubMed\n\nGoogle Scholar\n\n3.\n\nGhadri J.R., Wittstein I.S., Prasad A. et al: International expert consensus document on takotsubo syndrome (part II): diagnostic workup, outcome, and management. _Eur Heart J_ 2018; 39: 204.\n\nGoogle Scholar\n\n4.\n\nElesber A.A., Prasad A., Lennon R.J., Wright R.S.", "score": 0.69274646 }, { "number": 10, "title": "Clinical correlates and prognostic impact of neurologic disorders in Takotsubo syndrome | Scientific Reports", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01496-9", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "Ghadri, J. 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International expert consensus document on takotsubo syndrome (Part II): diagnostic workup, outcome, and management. _Eur Heart J_. 2018;39:2047-2062.\n\nGoogle Scholar\n\n [a [...] similar to acute myocardial infarction.](\n [b [...] according to I", "score": 0.6867278 }, { "number": 12, "title": "Fifth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2026) - JACC", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2026.07.025", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "The Fifth UDMI is a joint statement from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), and the World Heart Federation (WHF). This is a consensus statement and should be applied in conjunction with national and regional clini", "score": 0.67911536 }, { "number": 13, "title": "Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Complicated by Complete Heart Block ...", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jaccas.2026.108359", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "According to the 2018 European Society of Cardiology expert consensus on Takotsubo syndrome, our patients' InterTAK diagnostic score was 72 points.", "score": 0.60917604 }, { "number": 14, "title": "Important role of myocardial tissue characterization by cardiac MRI in diagnosing Takotsubo syndrome | Nature Reviews Cardiology", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcardio.2015.116", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "# Important role of myocardial tissue characterization by cardiac MRI in diagnosing Takotsubo syndrome. Cardiol.* **12**, 387–397; 2015).1.\") The authors provide a detailed overview of the diagnostic criteria of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We note that the majority of the diagnostic criteria listed by", "score": 0.7923522 }, { "number": 15, "title": "Use of cardiac MRI to diagnose Takotsubo syndrome | Nature Reviews Cardiology", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcardio.2015.155", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "We agree that cardiac MRI offers a range of advantages when investigating patients with an elevation in troponin level, acute cardiac chest pain, electrocardiogram abnormalities, and normal coronary arteries (or no culprit coronary disease). These benefits include diagnosis of other pathologies, suc", "score": 0.67269784 }, { "number": 16, "title": "Tension pneumothorax-induced Takotsubo syndrome: A case... : Medicine", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/04190/tension_pneumothorax_induced_takotsubo_syndrome__a.22.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "Title: Tension pneumothorax-induced Takotsubo syndrome: A case... : Medicine\nA 76-year-old woman with chronic lung disease developed spontaneous tension pneumothorax with the presentation of severe dyspnea, respiratory failure, left ventricular dysfunction, and anterior wall ST-segment elevation on ", "score": 0.7293082 }, { "number": 17, "title": "International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-pdf/39/22/2047/46635649/eurheartj_39_22_2047.pdf", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "A novel clinical score (InterTAK Diagnostic Score) to differentiate Takotsubo syndrome from acute coronary syndrome: results from the", "score": 0.70944256 }, { "number": 18, "title": "Multimodality imaging in takotsubo syndrome: a joint ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/ehjcimaging/article-abstract/21/11/1184/5898275", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "by R Citro · 2020 · Cited by 194 — Diagnostic criteria. Clinical course. Cardiac catheterization: coronary angiography and left ventriculography. Role of standard echocardiography.Read more", "score": 0.64639384 }, { "number": 19, "title": "Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome – a Joint Scientific ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/eurjhf/article/24/2/257/8364164", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has a unique cardiac biomarker profile: NT-proBNP/myoglobin and NT-proBNP/troponin T ratios for the differential diagnosis of acute", "score": 0.63125396 }, { "number": 20, "title": "Simple markers can distinguish Takotsubo cardiomyopathy from ST segment elevation myocardial infarction - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167527316310269", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "### J. Card. Fail.\n\n### Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has a unique cardiac biomarker profile: NT-proBNP/myoglobin and NT-proBNP/troponin T ratios for the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes and stress induced cardiomyopathy\n\n### Int. J. Cardiol.\n\n### Troponin I/ejection fraction ratio: a n", "score": 0.6147415 }, { "number": 21, "title": "Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Troponin Elevation and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025619620313884", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "Title: Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Troponin Elevation and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries - ScienceDirect\n# Original article Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Troponin E", "score": 0.568057 }, { "number": 22, "title": "Parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/ehjcr/article/8/1/ytae016/7512755", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "by R Sunnasy · 2024 — International takotsubo diagnostic criteria have been developed to improve diagnosis and stratification of TTS.4. Coronary angiography ...Read more", "score": 0.54840803 }, { "number": 23, "title": "Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics", "detail": "sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/takotsubo-cardiomyopathy", "authors": "sciencedirect.com", "host": "sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "Title: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics\nTakotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is defined as a reversible clinical syndrome that mimics acute coronary syndrome, characterized by sudden deterioration in left ventricle segmental function in response to emotional, physical, or medi", "score": 0.5735118 }, { "number": 24, "title": "Sex Differences in the Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Takotsubo Stress Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002914923012365", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "### JAMA Cardiol\n\n### Short- and long-term clinical outcomes for patients with takotsubo syndrome and patients with myocardial infarction: a report from the Swedish coronary angiography and angioplasty registry\n\n### J Am Heart Assoc\n\n### Gender differences in the circadian and seasonal variations in", "score": 0.48352703 } ], "publishedAt": "2026-09-15T23:02:12.427398+00:00", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15T23:02:12.427398+00:00", "readingMinutes": 5, "slug": "takotsubo-cardiomyopathy" }