{ "schemaVersion": 2, "eyebrow": "Gastroenterology", "title": "Short Bowel Syndrome", "summary": "Manage short bowel syndrome by defining residual anatomy and intestinal-failure severity, correcting high-output fluid and electrolyte losses, advancing enteral exposure, minimizing parenteral-support complications, and referring persistent dependence or adverse anatomy to an intestinal rehabilitation program.", "seoDescription": "Physician guide to short bowel syndrome: anatomy-based evaluation, parenteral support, enteral adaptation, complication prevention, teduglutide, and surgical referral.", "clinicalQuestion": "How should physicians evaluate and manage short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure while promoting enteral autonomy?", "specialty": "Gastroenterology", "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees", "tags": [ "short bowel syndrome", "intestinal failure", "parenteral nutrition", "intestinal rehabilitation", "teduglutide", "high-output stoma" ], "keyTakeaways": [ "Define the postoperative anatomy early: residual small-bowel length, colon continuity, and stoma status determine fluid losses, absorptive capacity, and the feasibility of reconstructive surgery.[9][10][13]", "Treat acute intestinal failure as a fluid, electrolyte, sepsis, and nutrition problem; initiate parenteral nutrition when enteral absorption cannot sustain metabolic needs, while introducing enteral feeding as soon as feasible to support adaptation.[17][19]", "Persistent parenteral-support dependence warrants multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation focused on enteral autonomy and prevention of catheter, hepatic, renal, metabolic, and micronutrient complications.[17][18][20][21]", "Consider teduglutide for selected patients with SBS-associated intestinal failure who remain dependent on parenteral support; evidence supports reduction in parenteral-support requirements, but benefit is not sustained after discontinuation in pediatric experience.[8][18][20][21]", "Use small-bowel contrast series when structural and dynamic assessment will inform restoration of continuity, correction of obstruction or dilation, or autologous intestinal reconstruction.[10][12][18]" ], "sections": [ { "id": "triage-and-anatomic-assessment", "eyebrow": "First decisions", "heading": "Stabilize losses and define the anatomy", "intro": "Early management should establish whether ongoing gastrointestinal loss exceeds enteral absorptive capacity.", "paragraphs": [ "In the immediate postoperative or decompensated setting, prioritize sepsis control, replacement of fluid and electrolyte losses, and nutrition support. Large gastrointestinal fluid and electrolyte losses are especially consequential early after resection; parenteral nutrition is required when oral or enteral intake cannot maintain nutritional status, with enteral nutrition started as soon as feasible.[19]", "Document the operative anatomy rather than relying on the diagnosis label alone: residual and continuous small-bowel length, presence and length of colon, ileocecal valve status, stoma versus restored continuity, and the disease that caused resection. In adults, SBS is commonly defined anatomically by continuous remaining small bowel of less than 200 cm; intestinal failure is present when enteral intake and absorptive capacity cannot maintain nutrition without parenteral support.[4][13]", "Obtain an anatomic-functional study when reconstruction is being considered or when unexplained intolerance, obstructive symptoms, or suspected dilation changes management. A small-bowel series provides structural and dynamic information and is the usual evaluation for surgical planning.[10]" ], "bullets": [ "Treat fever, hemodynamic instability, or suspected line infection as an urgent search for catheter-related bloodstream infection and other sources of sepsis because central access is essential but carries bacteremia and septicemia risk.[17]", "In patients with a permanent jejunostomy or substantial stoma losses, anticipate that parenteral fluid requirements may exceed nutritional requirements.[19]", "Refer early to an intestinal rehabilitation program when parenteral support is expected to persist, anatomy is complex, or there are recurrent support-related complications.[18][20][21]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Anatomy-based decisions in short bowel syndrome.[9][10][13][18]", "columns": [ "Anatomic or clinical pattern", "Decision implication", "Next action" ], "rows": [ [ "Continuous small bowel <200 cm in an adult", "Supports the anatomic diagnosis of SBS; need for parenteral support establishes intestinal failure when enteral compensation is inadequate.[4][13]", "Quantify parenteral nutrition and intravenous-fluid requirement and define remaining bowel and colon anatomy." ], [ "Stoma or bowel not in continuity", "May drive large fluid losses and may leave potentially usable bowel excluded from nutrient exposure.[18][19]", "Assess stoma output, replace losses, and obtain anatomic imaging if restoration of continuity or chyme recycling is feasible.[10][18]" ], [ "Persistent parenteral-support dependence", "Signals need for structured intestinal rehabilitation and evaluation for medical or surgical strategies to improve absorption.[12][18][20]", "Review anatomy, enteral tolerance, line events, liver and renal complications, and candidacy for teduglutide or reconstruction." ] ] } }, { "id": "nutrition-and-intestinal-adaptation", "eyebrow": "Core management", "heading": "Use parenteral support while driving enteral adaptation", "intro": "The practical goal is nutritional adequacy today and reduced parenteral-support dependence over time.", "paragraphs": [ "Parenteral support includes parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluids used to maintain health in SBS-associated intestinal failure.[4] Use it to meet nutritional, fluid, electrolyte, vitamin, and trace-element requirements when the enteral route is insufficient; it is lifesaving in patients unable to compensate through metabolic or pharmacologic adaptation.[17]", "Advance oral or enteral nutrition as tolerated rather than waiting for complete adaptation. Enteral nutrition and establishment of oral feeding are central stimuli for bowel adaptation and enteral autonomy, while nutrition prescriptions must be individualized to gastrointestinal anatomy, underlying disease, lifestyle, and measured losses.[5][18]", "Reassess the parenteral prescription against objective clinical response—hydration, electrolyte replacement needs, nutritional status, and ability to maintain health with enteral intake—before attempting reductions. Attempts to wean from parenteral nutrition should occur as oral intake and absorption improve, not by tolerating progressive dehydration or malnutrition.[5][19]" ], "bullets": [ "For long-term home parenteral nutrition, gradual compression can permit overnight infusion; one review describes reducing infusion time in 2- to 4-hour daily increments to a typical 10- to 12-hour nocturnal schedule, with a 30- to 60-minute taper to limit hypoglycemia.[19]", "Use a tunneled central catheter for long-term home parenteral nutrition; central venous access reduces some practical limitations but introduces infection and thrombosis risk requiring meticulous line care.[17][19]", "In children, incorporate growth and development into each nutrition decision; long-term outcomes are determined in part by parenteral-nutrition dependence, its complications, and the capacity for intestinal adaptation.[11][18]" ], "subsections": [ { "heading": "Recognize the distinction between SBS and SBS-associated intestinal failure", "paragraphs": [ "SBS denotes reduced absorptive intestinal mass after resection, congenital defect, or disease-associated loss of absorption; SBS-associated intestinal failure is the more clinically consequential state in which parenteral support is required to maintain health.[4][17] This distinction prevents premature escalation to advanced therapy in patients who have SBS anatomy but can maintain nutrition and hydration enterally." ], "bullets": [] } ], "table": { "caption": "Management targets by phase of care.[17][18][19][20]", "columns": [ "Phase", "Dominant risk", "Action that changes management" ], "rows": [ [ "Acute postoperative or decompensated phase", "Sepsis, dehydration, electrolyte loss, and inability to meet metabolic requirements.[19]", "Control sepsis; replace fluids and electrolytes; initiate parenteral nutrition when enteral intake is inadequate; begin enteral nutrition when feasible.[19]" ], [ "Adaptation phase", "Persistent malabsorption and delayed enteral autonomy.[18]", "Progress oral or enteral feeding according to tolerance and serial nutritional and hydration assessment.[5][18]" ], [ "Chronic parenteral-support phase", "Catheter infection or thrombosis, intestinal failure-associated liver disease, renal disease, and reduced quality of life.[17][20]", "Use multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation, optimize the parenteral regimen, and evaluate medical and reconstructive options.[18][20][21]" ] ] } }, { "id": "monitoring-and-complication-prevention", "eyebrow": "Surveillance", "heading": "Monitor for complications that alter long-term strategy", "intro": "Long-term parenteral support changes the surveillance burden as much as it changes nutrition delivery.", "paragraphs": [ "At each longitudinal review, reconcile parenteral-support volume and composition with stool or stoma losses, hydration, electrolyte requirements, nutritional status, and enteral intake. Diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte deficiencies, malabsorption, and progressive malnutrition are the central clinical manifestations of SBS and should trigger adjustment of fluid, nutrition, and absorption strategies rather than being accepted as baseline symptoms.[9][17]", "Treat central venous access as a major source of preventable morbidity. Poor catheter care, insertion-site or tunnel infection, and catheter-related bloodstream infection can progress to bacteremia or septicemia; central venous thrombosis and occasional embolism are additional access-related hazards.[17] Recurrent line events should prompt reassessment within an intestinal rehabilitation program because loss of venous access can constrain future parenteral support.[20]", "Track hepatic, renal, and metabolic consequences of long-term parenteral support and chronic dehydration. Intestinal failure-associated liver disease, renal disease, and metabolic bone disease are established concerns in intestinal-failure management; in children, cycling parenteral nutrition, lipid reduction, and changing lipid-emulsion type have been associated with lower intestinal failure-associated liver disease rates.[14][17][18]" ], "bullets": [ "Escalate evaluation when cholestatic liver disease, recurrent catheter complications, progressive renal dysfunction, or inability to sustain nutrition develops despite optimized support; these events change the risk-benefit balance of rehabilitation surgery and transplant evaluation.[14][17][23]", "Preserve central venous access whenever possible because long-term dependence on parenteral support may require durable central delivery.[17][19]", "Use specialized multidisciplinary care to coordinate catheter preservation, nutrition, metabolic monitoring, and promotion of enteral autonomy.[18][20][21]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Complications requiring active surveillance in SBS-associated intestinal failure.[14][17][18][20]", "columns": [ "Complication domain", "Clinical consequence", "Management implication" ], "rows": [ [ "Central catheter infection", "May cause bacteremia or septicemia.[17]", "Evaluate urgently for catheter-related infection and reinforce line-care processes." ], [ "Central venous thrombosis", "May compromise access and can be associated with embolism.[17]", "Assess access preservation strategy and future central-venous options." ], [ "Intestinal failure-associated liver disease", "Can progress to organ dysfunction during long-term parenteral support.[17][18]", "Review parenteral-nutrition strategy; in children, consider approaches associated with lower liver-disease rates, including cycling and lipid-emulsion modification.[18]" ], [ "Chronic dehydration and renal disease", "May contribute to progressive renal disease.[17]", "Reconcile intravenous-fluid support with ongoing gastrointestinal losses and renal status." ] ] } }, { "id": "medical-and-surgical-rehabilitation", "eyebrow": "Escalation", "heading": "Select teduglutide and reconstruction for persistent intestinal failure", "intro": "Advanced treatment should follow anatomy review and optimization of enteral and parenteral management.", "paragraphs": [ "Consider teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue, for patients with SBS-associated intestinal failure who remain dependent on parenteral support after foundational nutritional management. Randomized-trial and synthesis evidence supports reduced parenteral-support needs, and pediatric reports describe reduced parenteral-nutrition dependence; reductions should be paired with careful reassessment of parenteral fluid and nutrition prescriptions as absorption improves.[2][8][20][21]", "Set expectations before treatment: teduglutide is an adjunct to rehabilitation rather than a substitute for anatomy-based management or complication surveillance. In pediatric SBS, benefit in reducing parenteral-nutrition dependency was not sustained after treatment discontinuation; thus, stopping therapy should be followed by renewed monitoring for increased support needs.[18] Reports also identify concern for gastrointestinal polypoid lesions with teduglutide, supporting planned gastrointestinal surveillance and individualized risk assessment.[2]", "Refer for surgical rehabilitation when anatomic correction may increase functional absorptive capacity or eliminate a problem that prevents adaptation. Nontransplant surgical rehabilitation is used in selected patients to improve intestinal function, and potential approaches include restoration of continuity and autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction; small-bowel series is commonly used to guide this decision.[10][12][18]" ], "bullets": [ "Prioritize restoration of bowel continuity when feasible because excluded bowel and stoma anatomy may worsen fluid and nutrient losses; surgical candidacy requires structural and dynamic evaluation.[10][18]", "Consider intestinal lengthening or other autologous reconstruction in specialized centers for selected patients with ongoing parenteral dependence and favorable anatomy.[12][18]", "Consider intestinal transplantation in the setting of severe parenteral-nutrition-related complications or failure of durable intestinal rehabilitation; pediatric transplant consideration commonly follows parenteral-nutrition-related complications.[14][23]" ], "subsections": [ { "heading": "When to involve a specialized intestinal rehabilitation center", "paragraphs": [ "Referral is appropriate for persistent parenteral-support dependence, complex altered anatomy, recurrent catheter infection or thrombosis, intestinal failure-associated liver disease, renal decline, or consideration of teduglutide, reconstruction, or transplantation. Multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation programs are designed to mitigate catheter, infectious, nutritional, metabolic, and cholestatic complications while increasing intestinal absorption and enteral autonomy.[18][20][21]" ], "bullets": [] } ], "table": { "caption": "Escalation options for chronic SBS-associated intestinal failure.[2][8][10][12][18][23]", "columns": [ "Option", "Best-use context", "Key tradeoff or follow-up" ], "rows": [ [ "Teduglutide", "Persistent parenteral-support dependence despite optimized rehabilitation; may reduce parenteral-support requirements.[8][20][21]", "Reassess parenteral requirements as absorption changes; pediatric benefit may not persist after discontinuation, and gastrointestinal polypoid lesions are a safety concern.[2][18]" ], [ "Autologous intestinal reconstruction", "Selected anatomy in which surgical rehabilitation may improve intestinal function.[10][12][18]", "Requires detailed structural and dynamic imaging, usually with small-bowel series.[10]" ], [ "Intestinal transplantation", "Parenteral-nutrition-related complications or unsuccessful durable rehabilitation strategy.[14][23]", "Requires specialized transplant assessment and should be considered before irreversible support-related organ injury." ] ] } }, { "id": "pediatric-considerations", "eyebrow": "Pediatrics", "heading": "Adapt management to growth, adaptation, and congenital anatomy", "intro": "Children require the same stabilization priorities but a different time horizon for adaptation and growth.", "paragraphs": [ "In children, common SBS causes include congenital intestinal defects such as antenatal atresia, midgut volvulus, and total aganglionosis, as well as necrotizing enterocolitis, vascular thrombosis, tumors, and trauma.[15] Record etiology with operative anatomy because it informs the expectation for residual bowel function and opportunities for reconstruction.", "Use serial growth and nutritional status alongside parenteral-support requirements to judge progress toward enteral autonomy. Enteral and oral feeding are key adaptation strategies, while parenteral nutrition remains necessary until metabolic and growth requirements are met enterally.[18]", "Do not label parenteral dependence permanent too early: pediatric reports indicate that weaning commonly occurs within four years after the first resection, whereas dependence beyond four years is associated with a high probability of long-term dependence.[15] This time course supports continued rehabilitation while promptly addressing line, liver, and metabolic complications that can narrow future options.[18][20]" ], "bullets": [ "Consider teduglutide within a pediatric intestinal rehabilitation strategy when parenteral dependence persists; monitor for changing support requirements during treatment and recurrence of dependence after discontinuation.[15][18]", "Use strategies associated with lower intestinal failure-associated liver disease rates—including parenteral-nutrition cycling, lipid reduction, and lipid-emulsion modification—when prolonged parenteral nutrition is required.[18]", "Refer children with progressive parenteral-nutrition-related complications for transplant assessment rather than waiting for irreversible organ injury.[23]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Pediatric SBS decision points.[15][18][20][23]", "columns": [ "Decision point", "Interpretation", "Next action" ], "rows": [ [ "Enteral tolerance and growth improve", "Suggests ongoing adaptation and opportunity to decrease parenteral support.[18]", "Reassess support requirements while protecting hydration and growth." ], [ "Parenteral dependence persists beyond 4 years after first resection", "Associated with a high probability of long-term dependence.[15]", "Intensify long-term rehabilitation planning and assess advanced medical or surgical options." ], [ "Parenteral-nutrition-related complications progress", "Raises urgency for multidisciplinary escalation and potential transplant assessment.[18][23]", "Evaluate catheter, hepatic, renal, and metabolic complications in an experienced center." ] ] } } ], "faq": [], "references": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Predictors of response and enteral autonomy in children ...", "detail": "www.thelancet.com", "url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(25)00275-5/fulltext", "authors": "www.thelancet.com", "host": "www.thelancet.com" }, { "number": 2, "title": "Short Bowel Syndrome and Parenteral Nutrition | Nature Research Intelligence", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/research-intelligence/nri-topic-summaries/short-bowel-syndrome-and-parenteral-nutrition-micro-106666", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com" }, { "number": 3, "title": "Redefining the High-Output Stoma and Its Bearing on ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/jwocnonline/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=00152192-202509000-00011", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 4, "title": "Impact on caregivers of adult patients receiving... : Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/01429587-202205000-00021", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 5, "title": "Clinical Practice Guideline for the Surgical...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/DCR.0000000000004290", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 6, "title": "Dietary and Medical Management of Short Bowel... : Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/jcge/fulltext/2006/05001/dietary_and_medical_management_of_short_bowel.3.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 7, "title": "ASPEN definitions in pediatric intestinal failure", "detail": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpen.2232", "authors": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com" }, { "number": 8, "title": "Poster Abstracts - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition", "detail": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jpen.2735", "authors": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com" }, { "number": 9, "title": "Anatomical and physiological considerations in short bowel ...", "detail": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ncp.10991", "authors": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com" }, { "number": 10, "title": "Surgical considerations in the management of short bowel ...", "detail": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ncp.10988", "authors": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com" }, { "number": 11, "title": "Monitoring of long‐term parenteral nutrition in children with ...", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jgh3.12123", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com" }, { "number": 12, "title": "Current Management of the Short Bowel Syndrome - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039610911000144", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 13, "title": "Short bowel syndrome - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1479666X10001605", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 14, "title": "AGA technical review on short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001650850370064X", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 15, "title": "Teduglutide in pediatric intestinal failure: A position statement of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP) - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1590865822004972", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 16, "title": "Short Bowel Syndrome in an Infant | NeoReviews", "detail": "neoreviews.aappublications.org", "url": "https://neoreviews.aappublications.org/content/21/6/e370", "authors": "neoreviews.aappublications.org", "host": "neoreviews.aappublications.org" }, { "number": 17, "title": "Teduglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide 2 analog, in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome - PMC", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3342570", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 18, "title": "Short bowel syndrome in infancy: recent advances and practical management", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8640374", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 19, "title": "Short Bowel Syndrome: A Review of Management Options - PMC", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3133978", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 20, "title": "An Overview of Short-Bowel Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: Focus on Clinical Management and Prevention of Complications", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10221592", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 21, "title": "AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Short ...", "detail": "www.gastrojournal.org", "url": "https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S1542-3565(22)00561-4/fulltext", "authors": "www.gastrojournal.org", "host": "www.gastrojournal.org" }, { "number": 22, "title": "115: REPORT OF 17 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/fulltext/2023/07001/115__report_of_17_years_of_experience_in.111.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 23, "title": "The Optimal Timing of Intestinal Transplantation for Children ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/fulltext/2007/12000/the_optimal_timing_of_intestinal_transplantation.25.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 24, "title": "restore project (improveunderstanding of small ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/fulltext/2020/09003/restore_project__improveunderstanding_of_small.495.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" } ], "editorialNote": "Prepared from cited clinical literature using Astra's research workflow. Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.", "citations": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Predictors of response and enteral autonomy in children ...", "detail": "www.thelancet.com", "url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(25)00275-5/fulltext", "authors": "www.thelancet.com", "host": "www.thelancet.com", "snippet": "by L Norsa · 2025 · Cited by 10 — Paediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive condition usually following surgical intestinal resection due to congenital (e.g.", "score": 0.23887892 }, { "number": 2, "title": "Short Bowel Syndrome and Parenteral Nutrition | Nature Research Intelligence", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/research-intelligence/nri-topic-summaries/short-bowel-syndrome-and-parenteral-nutrition-micro-106666", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "Title: Short Bowel Syndrome and Parenteral Nutrition | Nature Research Intelligence\n# Short Bowel Syndrome and Parenteral Nutrition. * Short Bowel Syndrome and Parenteral Nutrition. Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is a multifaceted condition arising from extensive surgical resection of the small intestin", "score": 0.8886914 }, { "number": 3, "title": "Redefining the High-Output Stoma and Its Bearing on ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/jwocnonline/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=00152192-202509000-00011", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "by M Carr · 2025 · Cited by 6 — An international clinical expert forum (ICEF) developed 12 consensus statements … short-gut syndrome. length of bowel (short bowel/short gut syndrome related", "score": 0.5037359 }, { "number": 4, "title": "Impact on caregivers of adult patients receiving... : Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/01429587-202205000-00021", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "Crossmark: Check for updates\n\n# Impact on caregivers of adult patients receiving parenteral support for short‐bowel syndrome with intestinal failure\n\n## A multinational, cross‐sectional survey\n\nCreative commons license\n\n## CLINICAL RELEVANCY STATEMENT [...] SBS‐IF is a rare and potentially life‐thre", "score": 0.444493 }, { "number": 5, "title": "Clinical Practice Guideline for the Surgical...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/DCR.0000000000004290", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "Consensus Guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2019;68(suppl 3):s1–s106.", "score": 0.4430467 }, { "number": 6, "title": "Dietary and Medical Management of Short Bowel... : Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/jcge/fulltext/2006/05001/dietary_and_medical_management_of_short_bowel.3.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "Advertisement\n\nOvid® Ovid Logo\n\nSearch Ovid Search Ovid\n\nBrowse Browse\n\nLogin Login\n\nJournal of Clinical Gastroenterology\n\nNavbar\n\nMenu\n\n Issues \n Collections \n Media \n About Journal \n For Authors \n\n More menu items \n\nSearch Journal Search Journal\n\nButton group.\n\n Check Acces", "score": 0.42763633 }, { "number": 7, "title": "ASPEN definitions in pediatric intestinal failure", "detail": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpen.2232", "authors": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by BP Modi · 2022 · Cited by 171 — Necrotizing enterocolitis is asso- ciated with earlier achievement of enteral autonomy in children with short bowel syndrome.", "score": 0.98533 }, { "number": 8, "title": "Poster Abstracts - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition", "detail": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jpen.2735", "authors": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "This meta-analysis suggests that therapy with teduglutide reduces parenteral nutrition volume in patients with short bowel syndrome and", "score": 0.98532 }, { "number": 9, "title": "Anatomical and physiological considerations in short bowel ...", "detail": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ncp.10991", "authors": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by KA Tappenden · 2023 · Cited by 40 — Diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte deficiencies, malabsorption, and progressive, life-threatening malnutrition are the hallmarks of short bowel", "score": 0.98517 }, { "number": 10, "title": "Surgical considerations in the management of short bowel ...", "detail": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ncp.10988", "authors": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "This evaluation is done most typically via small bowel series, which provides both structural and dynamic information about intestinal function", "score": 0.98452 }, { "number": 11, "title": "Monitoring of long‐term parenteral nutrition in children with ...", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jgh3.12123", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by B Zemrani · 2019 · Cited by 35 — Long-term impact of infantile short bowel syndrome on nutritional status and growth. Br. J. Nutr. 2012; 107: 1489–97. 10.1017", "score": 0.97385 }, { "number": 12, "title": "Current Management of the Short Bowel Syndrome - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039610911000144", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "# Current Management of the Short Bowel Syndrome. Surgical rehabilitation using nontransplant procedures in selected patients may further improve intestinal function. * S.J. O’Keefe *et al.*. ### Short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: consensus, definitions, and overview. ### Long-term surviva", "score": 0.8194462 }, { "number": 13, "title": "Short bowel syndrome - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1479666X10001605", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "The short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a state of malabsorption following intestinal resection where there is less than 200 cm of intestinal length. The short bowel syndrome is a malabsorptive state usually following massive resection of the small intestine.1 It generally occurs when there is less than 2", "score": 0.8190992 }, { "number": 14, "title": "AGA technical review on short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001650850370064X", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "Title: AGA technical review on short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation - ScienceDirect\n# American Gastroenterological Association AGA technical review on short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation☆,☆☆,★,★★,♢,♢♢. ### Long-term survival and parenteral nutrition dependence in adult", "score": 0.81025416 }, { "number": 15, "title": "Teduglutide in pediatric intestinal failure: A position statement of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP) - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1590865822004972", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "# Position Paper Teduglutide in pediatric intestinal failure: A position statement of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP). In recent years, the spectrum of possible treatments for Intestinal Failure (IF)-Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) has been enriched by", "score": 0.79254496 }, { "number": 16, "title": "Short Bowel Syndrome in an Infant | NeoReviews", "detail": "neoreviews.aappublications.org", "url": "https://neoreviews.aappublications.org/content/21/6/e370", "authors": "neoreviews.aappublications.org", "host": "neoreviews.aappublications.org", "snippet": "Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive state that may occur either after surgical bowel resection or as the result of congenital", "score": 0.97431 }, { "number": 17, "title": "Teduglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide 2 analog, in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome - PMC", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3342570", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "Although frequently lifesaving in patients with SBS-IF, the parenteral administration of fluids, electrolytes, trace elements, vitamins and nutrients (i.e. PS) has been associated with potentially life-threatening complications. Poor catheter care technique, insertion site-, tunnel- and catheter-rel", "score": 0.77751994 }, { "number": 18, "title": "Short bowel syndrome in infancy: recent advances and practical management", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8640374", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "Keywords: short bowel syndrome, intestinal failure\n\n \n\n## Key points.\n\n Management of short bowel syndrome (SBS) involves using enteral and parenteral nutrition to meet metabolic requirements while preventing complications, with interventions to promote enteral autonomy.\n\n Blenderised diet is i", "score": 0.7608822 }, { "number": 19, "title": "Short Bowel Syndrome: A Review of Management Options - PMC", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3133978", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "### Maintenance of nutritional status\n\nThis is the primary objective in the management of SBS. Fluid and electrolyte losses from the GIT may be great in the early postoperative period and must be monitored and replaced. TPN will be required in the early postoperative period and enteral nutrition sho", "score": 0.75723875 }, { "number": 20, "title": "An Overview of Short-Bowel Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: Focus on Clinical Management and Prevention of Complications", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10221592", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "The use of PN has improved medical care in SBS, decreasing mortality and improving the overall prognosis . However, the long-term use of PN is associated with the incidence of many complications, including liver disease and catheter-associated malfunction and bloodstream infections . The multidiscip", "score": 0.6685563 }, { "number": 21, "title": "AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Short ...", "detail": "www.gastrojournal.org", "url": "https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S1542-3565(22)00561-4/fulltext", "authors": "www.gastrojournal.org", "host": "www.gastrojournal.org", "snippet": "by K Iyer · 2022 · Cited by 103 — Teduglutide reduces need for parenteral support among patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure Gastroenterology.", "score": 0.61112726 }, { "number": 22, "title": "115: REPORT OF 17 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/fulltext/2023/07001/115__report_of_17_years_of_experience_in.111.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the first line treatment for intestinal failure (IF). short bowel syndrome (SBS) intestinal dysmotility … combining surgical,", "score": 0.26540643 }, { "number": 23, "title": "The Optimal Timing of Intestinal Transplantation for Children ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/fulltext/2007/12000/the_optimal_timing_of_intestinal_transplantation.25.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "Children with short bowel syndrome are frequently dependent on PN for growth and development. Intestinal transplantation is often considered after PN-related", "score": 0.18268816 }, { "number": 24, "title": "restore project (improveunderstanding of small ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/fulltext/2020/09003/restore_project__improveunderstanding_of_small.495.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "by H Solar · 2020 · Cited by 1 — Introduction: Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) has been considered a disease with low prevalence and incidence disease in Latin-America (LA). Although estimations", "score": 0.17934397 } ], "publishedAt": "2026-08-24T17:29:12.296339+00:00", "updatedAt": "2026-08-24T17:29:12.296339+00:00", "readingMinutes": 6, "slug": "short-bowel-syndrome" }