{ "schemaVersion": 2, "eyebrow": "Endocrinology", "title": "Prediabetes", "summary": "Identify prediabetes with fasting glucose, HbA1c, or oral glucose tolerance testing; then stratify progression risk by glycemic burden and prioritize structured weight-loss and activity intervention, adding metformin selectively for patients at highest risk of type 2 diabetes.", "seoDescription": "Physician guide to prediabetes screening, diagnostic thresholds, risk stratification, lifestyle intervention, metformin selection, and postpartum care.", "clinicalQuestion": "How should clinicians diagnose, stratify, and intervene in adults with prediabetes to prevent type 2 diabetes?", "specialty": "Endocrinology", "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees", "tags": [ "prediabetes", "diabetes prevention", "HbA1c", "fasting plasma glucose", "oral glucose tolerance test", "metformin", "National Diabetes Prevention Program", "gestational diabetes" ], "keyTakeaways": [ "For asymptomatic adults aged 35 to 70 years with overweight or obesity, screen with HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, or a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and link abnormal results to preventive intervention. [1][21][23]", "Prediabetes is identified by HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%, fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL, or 2-hour glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. [1][15][16][22]", "Do not treat all glycemic phenotypes as equivalent: concurrence of two or three abnormal glycemic criteria denotes greater diabetes risk than one abnormal criterion and supports more intensive prevention. [14]", "A structured lifestyle program targeting approximately 7% weight loss and at least 150 minutes weekly of moderate-intensity activity reduced incident diabetes by 58% in the Diabetes Prevention Program. [17]", "Consider metformin, typically at total doses of at least 1,500 mg/day in trial evidence, for selected high-risk patients when lifestyle intervention alone is insufficient; prevention use remains off-label in the United States. [16][17][18]", "After gestational diabetes, perform a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test 4 to 12 weeks postpartum; women with both prior gestational diabetes and prediabetes have substantial benefit from lifestyle intervention or metformin. [2]" ], "sections": [ { "id": "case-finding-and-confirmation", "eyebrow": "Testing", "heading": "Whom to screen and which test to order", "intro": "Use screening to identify patients who can be referred to a proven prevention intervention.", "paragraphs": [ "Screen asymptomatic adults aged 35 to 70 years with overweight or obesity for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Acceptable screening tests are HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The result should trigger a documented prevention plan rather than diagnosis alone. [1][21][23]", "Order FPG when a fasting specimen is feasible and HbA1c when fasting access is a barrier. Use a 75-g OGTT when post-load dysglycemia is clinically important to resolve, including postpartum testing after gestational diabetes; the test requires overnight fasting followed by a standardized 75-g glucose load and plasma glucose measurement at fasting and 2 hours. [2][5]", "A single abnormal screening result establishes a prevention opportunity but does not identify a uniform-risk population. Most patients meet only one glycemic definition; documenting whether abnormalities are present on one, two, or all three tests improves risk discussion and prioritization of intensive intervention. [14]" ], "bullets": [ "HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% identifies prediabetes; HbA1c values of 6.0% to 6.4% have been recognized as particularly high risk for future diabetes. [1][15][16]", "FPG 100 to 125 mg/dL identifies impaired fasting glucose by ADA criteria. [1][8][22]", "Two-hour plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL after a 75-g OGTT identifies impaired glucose tolerance. [15][16]", "Use plasma glucose-based testing when a diagnostic OGTT is required after gestational diabetes; a 4- to 12-week postpartum OGTT is recommended. [2]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Glycemic tests used to identify prediabetes and how results change preventive intensity. [1][2][14][15][16][22]", "columns": [ "Test", "Prediabetes range", "Clinical use", "Action after abnormal result" ], "rows": [ [ "HbA1c", "5.7% to 6.4% [1][16]", "Convenient nonfasting screening test [21][23]", "Refer to a structured lifestyle program; assess whether FPG or OGTT is also abnormal to refine risk. [14][17]" ], [ "Fasting plasma glucose", "100 to 125 mg/dL [1][22]", "Fasting screening and impaired fasting glucose classification [1][21]", "Document fasting status, initiate prevention intervention, and consider further phenotyping if risk assessment will alter intensity. [14]" ], [ "75-g OGTT, 2-hour glucose", "140 to 199 mg/dL [15][16]", "Detects impaired glucose tolerance; recommended postpartum after gestational diabetes. [2][5]", "Treat as a high-priority prevention result, particularly when combined with abnormal HbA1c or FPG. [14]" ] ] } }, { "id": "risk-stratification", "eyebrow": "Risk", "heading": "Stratify by glycemic burden and reproductive history", "intro": "Intensity should follow diabetes risk, not the diagnostic label alone.", "paragraphs": [ "Classify glycemic burden by the number of abnormal prediabetes criteria. Patients with one abnormal criterion represent an elevated-risk group, whereas two abnormal criteria identify higher risk and all three identify very high risk for progression; this framework is useful when deciding how urgently to deploy intensive lifestyle treatment, pharmacotherapy, and follow-up. [14]", "Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance are not interchangeable phenotypes. FPG detects fasting dysglycemia, while OGTT identifies post-load dysglycemia; a patient with normal FPG may still have impaired glucose tolerance, and a patient with either phenotype warrants a prevention intervention. [5][15][16]", "A history of gestational diabetes materially changes preventive priority. In women with both prior gestational diabetes and prediabetes, a post hoc Diabetes Prevention Program analysis found that 12 months of lifestyle intervention or metformin improved glycemic control and reduced type 2 diabetes risk by 50% to 60% versus controls. [2]" ], "bullets": [ "Prioritize high-intensity referral for patients with multiple abnormal glycemic tests rather than assuming risk is identical across HbA1c-, FPG-, and OGTT-defined prediabetes. [14]", "For women with gestational diabetes, schedule the postpartum OGTT before delivery or at discharge and complete testing at 4 to 12 weeks postpartum. [2]", "Address food, housing, and medication insecurity when building a prevention plan for younger adults, who have low testing and prevention-program participation rates and may face disproportionate social barriers. [1]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Practical risk branches for selecting preventive intensity. [2][14]", "columns": [ "Risk branch", "Discriminator", "Next action" ], "rows": [ [ "Elevated glycemic risk", "One abnormal prediabetes criterion [14]", "Refer to a structured diet-and-physical-activity program and reassess glycemia to determine trajectory. [6][17]" ], [ "High glycemic risk", "Two abnormal prediabetes criteria [14]", "Use intensive lifestyle intervention; discuss metformin when risk remains high despite sustained lifestyle management. [16]" ], [ "Very high glycemic risk", "All three abnormal prediabetes criteria [14]", "Prioritize rapid program enrollment, address barriers to participation, and consider adjunctive metformin. [14][16][17]" ], [ "Post-gestational diabetes", "Prior gestational diabetes plus postpartum prediabetes [2]", "Use lifestyle intervention or metformin to reduce subsequent type 2 diabetes risk; optimize broader metabolic risk factors. [2]" ] ] } }, { "id": "lifestyle-treatment", "eyebrow": "First-line prevention", "heading": "Prescribe a structured lifestyle intervention rather than general advice", "intro": "The strongest preventive effect comes from a behavioral program with explicit weight and activity targets.", "paragraphs": [ "Refer patients with prediabetes to a structured combined diet, physical-activity, and behavioral program rather than offering unstructured counseling alone. The Diabetes Prevention Program intensive lifestyle intervention targeted approximately 7% loss of initial body weight through a low-calorie, low-fat dietary pattern plus at least 150 minutes weekly of moderate-intensity physical activity and reduced incident diabetes by 58%. [4][17]", "Make the prescription measurable: set an initial weight-loss target of approximately 7% of baseline weight, schedule at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity, and use goal planning and self-monitoring of dietary intake, activity, and weight. Long-term follow-up data support sustained benefit from intensive lifestyle intervention. [2][4][17]", "When access is limited, prioritize referral to an established diabetes prevention lifestyle-change program. National policy recommendations specifically emphasize improving clinician referral, payment coverage, and availability of National Diabetes Prevention Program and Medicare Diabetes Prevention Program services because screening without connection to intervention leaves preventable risk unaddressed. [17]" ], "bullets": [ "Frame the intervention as diabetes prevention, not solely weight management: lifestyle programs reduce progression to diabetes in high-risk adults. [6][10]", "Use combined diet and physical-activity programs; the Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends this model for adults at increased type 2 diabetes risk. [12][20]", "For postpartum patients with gestational diabetes, include metabolic risk-factor optimization alongside lifestyle treatment. [2]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Elements of an evidence-based lifestyle prescription for prediabetes. [2][4][17]", "columns": [ "Component", "Operational prescription", "Outcome basis" ], "rows": [ [ "Weight target", "Lose approximately 7% of initial body weight. [4][17]", "Part of the Diabetes Prevention Program intervention associated with 58% lower diabetes incidence. [17]" ], [ "Physical activity", "Perform at least 150 minutes weekly of moderate-intensity activity. [2][4]", "Part of the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle strategy. [4][17]" ], [ "Dietary strategy", "Use a calorie-reduced, low-fat eating pattern with individualized behavioral support. [2][4]", "Dietary modification combined with activity and behavior change prevents progression to diabetes. [6][10]" ], [ "Behavioral delivery", "Use goal planning and self-monitoring rather than one-time advice. [2]", "These components were included in intensive interventions with long-term benefit. [2][17]" ] ] } }, { "id": "metformin-selection", "eyebrow": "Adjunctive therapy", "heading": "When to add metformin for diabetes prevention", "intro": "Use metformin selectively as an adjunct to—not a substitute for—structured lifestyle intervention.", "paragraphs": [ "Consider metformin for patients with prediabetes who remain at high risk after 3 to 6 months of intensive lifestyle management, particularly patients who are younger, have overweight or obesity, have worsening glycemia, or have high cardiovascular risk. This is a selective prevention strategy rather than routine drug treatment for every patient with one mildly abnormal glycemic result. [16]", "Clinical trial and synthesis data describe preventive efficacy with metformin doses usually totaling at least 1,500 mg/day. In the Diabetes Prevention Program, metformin reduced diabetes incidence by 31% versus placebo over a mean 2.8 years, compared with a larger effect from intensive lifestyle intervention; the reduction persisted at 10 years, with an 18% lower diabetes incidence reported in follow-up. [4][18]", "Use metformin as off-label prevention therapy in the United States; federal recommendations have called for FDA review and approval for diabetes prevention, underscoring that this is not an FDA-approved prevention indication. Check estimated glomerular filtration rate before prescribing and monitor renal function; published review data support use down to eGFR 30 mL/min/1.73 m² with appropriate caution and dose/renal monitoring. [16][17]" ], "bullets": [ "Favor lifestyle intervention over metformin when the patient can engage in the full program, because the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle arm produced a greater reduction in incident diabetes than metformin. [4][17][18]", "Discuss metformin early for prior gestational diabetes with prediabetes, where both metformin and lifestyle intervention reduced diabetes risk by 50% to 60% versus controls in a post hoc analysis. [2]", "Do not present metformin as a replacement for activity, dietary change, or weight-loss goals; available prevention studies evaluated it alongside lifestyle-focused management. [16][18]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Choosing lifestyle treatment alone versus adding metformin. [2][4][16][17][18]", "columns": [ "Clinical situation", "Preferred approach", "Rationale" ], "rows": [ [ "Prediabetes with one abnormal criterion and ability to participate in program", "Structured lifestyle intervention first. [17]", "The Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle strategy reduced diabetes incidence by 58%. [17]" ], [ "Persistent high-risk prediabetes after 3 to 6 months of intensive lifestyle management", "Consider adjunctive metformin, with trial evidence usually using at least 1,500 mg/day. [16]", "Metformin can reduce or delay type 2 diabetes progression, although effect size was smaller than intensive lifestyle intervention in DPP. [4][18]" ], [ "Prior gestational diabetes plus prediabetes", "Use intensive lifestyle intervention or metformin; individualize based on feasibility and glycemic risk. [2]", "Both interventions reduced type 2 diabetes risk by 50% to 60% versus controls in post hoc DPP analysis. [2]" ], [ "eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m²", "Do not initiate metformin without specialist-level reassessment of alternatives and renal risk.", "Published review evidence supports metformin only down to eGFR 30 mL/min/1.73 m² with caution and renal monitoring. [16]" ] ] } }, { "id": "follow-up-and-escalation", "eyebrow": "Longitudinal care", "heading": "Monitor glycemia, program engagement, and progression risk", "intro": "Follow-up should determine whether prevention is working and whether the patient has crossed into diabetes.", "paragraphs": [ "At follow-up, repeat the glycemic modality that identified the abnormality when possible, reassess weight and weekly activity against the approximately 7% and 150-minute targets, and determine whether the patient enrolled in and is attending a structured program. Failure to enroll is a treatment failure of access or implementation, not simply a patient preference issue. [2][4][17]", "Escalate prevention intensity when glycemia worsens, when a second or third prediabetes criterion becomes abnormal, or when lifestyle targets are not being met despite structured support. Multiple abnormal glycemic criteria identify progressively higher diabetes risk and provide a practical trigger to revisit metformin, social barriers, and program delivery. [14][16]", "Postpartum follow-up requires particular rigor: complete the 4- to 12-week OGTT after gestational diabetes, identify prediabetes or diabetes promptly, and continue metabolic risk-factor optimization because prior gestational diabetes confers a high-risk prevention phenotype. [2]" ], "bullets": [ "Track weight change from baseline rather than relying on self-reported dietary adherence alone; the evidence-based program target is approximately 7% initial weight loss. [4][17]", "Track documented weekly moderate-intensity activity against the at-least-150-minutes-per-week target. [2][4]", "Reassess pharmacologic prevention if high-risk patients have worsening glycemia despite 3 to 6 months of intensive lifestyle management. [16]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Follow-up triggers that should change the prevention plan. [2][14][16]", "columns": [ "Finding at reassessment", "Interpretation", "Next step" ], "rows": [ [ "No enrollment in structured lifestyle program", "The evidence-based first-line intervention has not been delivered. [17]", "Identify referral, coverage, transportation, scheduling, food-access, or postpartum barriers and connect to an available lifestyle-change program. [1][17]" ], [ "No progress toward 7% weight-loss or 150-minute activity targets", "Lifestyle dose is below the Diabetes Prevention Program target. [2][4]", "Intensify behavioral support, self-monitoring, and goal planning. [2]" ], [ "Additional glycemic criterion becomes abnormal", "Risk category rises from elevated to high or very high risk. [14]", "Increase prevention intensity and discuss adjunctive metformin when appropriate. [14][16]" ], [ "History of gestational diabetes without completed postpartum OGTT", "A recommended high-risk screening step is incomplete. [2]", "Arrange a 75-g OGTT as soon as feasible after the recommended 4- to 12-week postpartum interval. [2]" ] ] } } ], "faq": [], "references": [ { "number": 1, "title": "New USPSTF Recommendations for Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: An Opportunity to Create", "detail": "jamanetwork.com", "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783444", "authors": "jamanetwork.com", "host": "jamanetwork.com" }, { "number": 2, "title": "2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention ... - JACC", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2026.03.056", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org" }, { "number": 3, "title": "Optimal exercise dose for glycemic control in prediabetes across ...", "detail": "www.cell.com", "url": "https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(25)02241-2", "authors": "www.cell.com", "host": "www.cell.com" }, { "number": 4, "title": "Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.001", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org" }, { "number": 5, "title": "Glucose Tolerance Testing and Diabetes Risk Assessment | Endocrinology | Clinical Sciences | Health sciences | Topics | Nature Index", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/nature-index/topics/l4/glucose-tolerance-testing-and-diabetes-risk-assessment", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com" }, { "number": 6, "title": "Lifestyle Interventions for Patients With and at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 159, No 8", "detail": "www.acpjournals.org", "url": "https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00007", "authors": "www.acpjournals.org", "host": "www.acpjournals.org" }, { "number": 7, "title": "“Preventing the Progression: The Power of Lifestyle Interventions in Prediabetic Individuals—A Systematic Review” - Bhardwaj - Clinical Endocrinology - Wiley Online Library", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cen.70077?af=R", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com" }, { "number": 8, "title": "Prediabetes and the risk of atrial fibrillation: systematic review, meta ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurjpc/zwag215/8654926", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com" }, { "number": 9, "title": "Lower-Intensity Interventions for Prediabetes: A Systematic Review - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379723002362", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 10, "title": "Long-term lifestyle intervention can reduce the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016882272400127X", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 11, "title": "Predisease: When Does it Make Sense? 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Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.", "citations": [ { "number": 1, "title": "New USPSTF Recommendations for Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: An Opportunity to Create", "detail": "jamanetwork.com", "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783444", "authors": "jamanetwork.com", "host": "jamanetwork.com", "snippet": "In August 2021 JAMA published the US Preventive Services Task Force’s updated Recommendation Statement on Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. In this issue of _JAMA_, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) presents its Recommendation Statement1 and an updated Evidence Review2 on s", "score": 0.7300017 }, { "number": 2, "title": "2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention ... - JACC", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2026.03.056", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "To reduce the risk of incident T2D and CKM stage progression, postpartum women with GDM and prediabetes should optimize glucose and metabolic risk factors with lifestyle interventions or metformin administration.6-9 A post hoc analysis of the DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program) trial data showed that ", "score": 0.6139086 }, { "number": 3, "title": "Optimal exercise dose for glycemic control in prediabetes across ...", "detail": "www.cell.com", "url": "https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(25)02241-2", "authors": "www.cell.com", "host": "www.cell.com", "snippet": "Current guidelines recommend at least 150 min per week of ... The diagnosis of prediabetes was based on the ADA criteria and met", "score": 0.5249554 }, { "number": 4, "title": "Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus", "detail": "www.jacc.org", "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.001", "authors": "www.jacc.org", "host": "www.jacc.org", "snippet": "Tianyang Zhao, Xu Li, Zhili Ge, Jingjing Shi, Tianyou Wang, Jiaxin Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Huibin Jiang, Liting Zhou, Lin Ye, Effects of miR-200b-3p and miR-424–5p regulating notch signaling pathway on atherosclerosis induced by PM2.5 in vitro, Toxicology, 10.1016/j.tox.2025.154216, 517, (154216), (2025", "score": 0.40740472 }, { "number": 5, "title": "Glucose Tolerance Testing and Diabetes Risk Assessment | Endocrinology | Clinical Sciences | Health sciences | Topics | Nature Index", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/nature-index/topics/l4/glucose-tolerance-testing-and-diabetes-risk-assessment", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "Title: Glucose Tolerance Testing and Diabetes Risk Assessment | Endocrinology | Clinical Sciences | Health sciences | Topics | Nature Index\n# Glucose Tolerance Testing and Diabetes Risk Assessment. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) remains the gold standard for assessing post-prandial glucose ha", "score": 0.7159213 }, { "number": 6, "title": "Lifestyle Interventions for Patients With and at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 159, No 8", "detail": "www.acpjournals.org", "url": "https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00007", "authors": "www.acpjournals.org", "host": "www.acpjournals.org", "snippet": "To systematically review the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on minimizing progression to diabetes in high-risk patients or progression to clinical outcomes (such as cardiovascular disease and death) in patients with type 2 diabetes. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the", "score": 0.8252664 }, { "number": 7, "title": "“Preventing the Progression: The Power of Lifestyle Interventions in Prediabetic Individuals—A Systematic Review” - Bhardwaj - Clinical Endocrinology - Wiley Online Library", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cen.70077?af=R", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "This review evaluates the impact of culturally tailored lifestyle interventions in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. Encouragingly, a substantial body of research underscores the efficacy of lifestyle-based interventions such as nutritional adjustments, regular exercise, yoga pr", "score": 0.74563974 }, { "number": 8, "title": "Prediabetes and the risk of atrial fibrillation: systematic review, meta ...", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurjpc/zwag215/8654926", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "... ADA criteria (FPG 100–125 mg/dL or 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) or ... Current guidelines do not specifically address prediabetes in AF risk assessment.", "score": 0.63288915 }, { "number": 9, "title": "Lower-Intensity Interventions for Prediabetes: A Systematic Review - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379723002362", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "### Diabetes Care\n\n### The prevalence of retinopathy in impaired glucose tolerance and recent-onset diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program\n\n### Diabet Med\n\n### Peripheral neuropathy defined by monofilament insensitivity and diabetes status: NHANES 1999–2004\n\n### Diabetes Care\n\n### Prevalence of", "score": 0.6191726 }, { "number": 10, "title": "Long-term lifestyle intervention can reduce the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016882272400127X", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "## Article preview. # Long-term lifestyle intervention can reduce the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. To evaluate the effectiveness of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in prediabet", "score": 0.60917604 }, { "number": 11, "title": "Predisease: When Does it Make Sense? - Oxford Academic", "detail": "academic.oup.com", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/epirev/article/33/1/122/487319", "authors": "academic.oup.com", "host": "academic.oup.com", "snippet": "Articles were retrieved if they were 1) systematic reviews of ... Current guidelines recommend that people with prediabetes be ...Systematic Review · Results Of Review · Prediabetes And", "score": 0.5849357 }, { "number": 12, "title": "Value of Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Diabetes and Sequelae - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379714005807", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "Title: Value of Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Diabetes and Sequelae - ScienceDirect\n## American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Volume 48, Issue 3, March 2015, Pages 271-280. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. # Research Article Value of Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Diabetes and Seque", "score": 0.53269315 }, { "number": 13, "title": "A call to action on prediabetes : JAAPA", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/jaapa/fulltext/2018/10000/a_call_to_action_on_prediabetes.5.aspx?Ppt=Article%7Cjaapa%3A2018%3A10000%3A00005%7C10.1097%2F01.jaa.0000545064.33107.8f%7C", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "ADA recommendations ... metformin as a first-line drug in patients with prediabetes. ... The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin", "score": 0.528899 }, { "number": 14, "title": "Reframing prediabetes: A call for better risk stratification and intervention - Kim - 2024 - Journal of Internal Medicine - Wiley Online Library", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joim.13786", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "Title: Reframing prediabetes: A call for better risk stratification and intervention - Kim - 2024 - Journal of Internal Medicine - Wiley Online Library\nPrediabetes is an intermediate state of glucose homeostasis whereby plasma glucose concentrations are above normal but below the threshold of diagno", "score": 0.8315952 }, { "number": 15, "title": "Associations of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose with incident diabetes: Implications for pre-diabetes thresholds in a Japanese population - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1751991816300584", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "This study assessed pre-diabetes (pre-DM) cutoffs for HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) that were associated with an increased risk of incident DM. We evaluated 2267 non-diabetic Japanese health-check examinees (HbA1c: <6.5% [<48 mmol/mol] and FPG: <7.0 mmol/L) who were 30–79 years old and were", "score": 0.6796259 }, { "number": 16, "title": "Metformin: Therapeutic profile in the treatment of type 2 diabetes", "detail": "dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fdom.15663", "authors": "dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "Metformin can be used to reduce the risk or delay the onset of T2D in individuals with prediabetes, particularly those who are younger, overweight or obese, and at high CV risk with worsening glycaemic control, despite intensive lifestyle management for 3-6 months.58-60 Prediabetes is usually define", "score": 0.71040785 }, { "number": 17, "title": "The National Clinical Care Commission Report to Congress: Leveraging Federal Policies and Programs to Prevent Diabetes in People With Prediabetes | Diabetes Care | American Diabetes Association", "detail": "diabetesjournals.org", "url": "https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/46/2/e39/148317/The-National-Clinical-Care-Commission-Report-to", "authors": "diabetesjournals.org", "host": "diabetesjournals.org", "snippet": "Title: The National Clinical Care Commission Report to Congress: Leveraging Federal Policies and Programs to Prevent Diabetes in People With Prediabetes | Diabetes Care | American Diabetes Association\nThese recommendations aim to improve current federal diabetes prevention activities by *1*) increas", "score": 0.7458619 }, { "number": 18, "title": "The Effectiveness of Metformin in Diabetes Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - PMC", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10611985?term=%22Cureus%22%5Bjour%5D", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "Weber et al. conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of expert guidelines for preventing diabetes, specifically focusing on lifestyle intervention and the addition of metformin as needed for individuals with prediabetes . The study concluded that a majority of the participants required the inclus", "score": 0.6932451 }, { "number": 19, "title": "Metformin for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose - Lü, Q - 2010 | Cochrane Library", "detail": "www.cochranelibrary.com", "url": "https://www.cochranelibrary.com/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008558//es", "authors": "www.cochranelibrary.com", "host": "www.cochranelibrary.com", "snippet": "Title: Metformin for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose - Lü, Q - 2010 | Cochrane Library\nIn most cases and without active interventions individuals with prediabetes will develop type 2 diabetes (Li 2008:1783‐9. It should also be noted that the metabolic and cli", "score": 0.6816637 }, { "number": 20, "title": "Value of lifestyle intervention to prevent diabetes and sequelae - PubMed", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498548", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "An official website of the United States government. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The ** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. ## Save citation to file. ## Email citation. Email ad", "score": 0.57035583 }, { "number": 21, "title": "[PDF] preventing chronic disease - CDC", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/pdf/23_0173.pdf", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov", "snippet": "Herman WH. Prediabetes diagnosis and management. JAMA.\n2023;329(14):1157–1159. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4406 26.\nHerman WH, Pan Q, Edelstein SL, Mather KJ, Perreault L, Barrett-Connor E, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Impact of lifestyle and metformin interventions on the risk of pr", "score": 0.5079833 }, { "number": 22, "title": "Management of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM ...", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/131/2/364/31847/Management-of-Newly-Diagnosed-Type-2-Diabetes", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org", "snippet": "Prediabetes: Fasting plasma glucose ≥100–125 ... Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.", "score": 0.46526662 }, { "number": 23, "title": "Prevalence of Testing for Diabetes Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity, 2016–2019", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/23_0173.htm", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov", "snippet": "The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes continues to grow in the US. Most people with prediabetes are unaware that they have the condition (17). Screening for prediabetes and diabetes has been recommended by expert groups to improve the timely provision of evidence-based diabetes prevention and t", "score": 0.38859537 }, { "number": 24, "title": "Time to Glucose Peak During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Identifies Prediabetes Risk - PMC", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5658251", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "| DBP (mmHg) | 70±9 | 73±9 | 0.07 | 72±10 | 73±9 | 0.28 |\n| Total body fat (%) | 31.0±10.0 | 35.3±8.2 | <0.01 | 34.0±8.8 | 33.8±9.2 | 0.92 |\n| Family history of diabetes | 29 (60) | 52 (54) | 0.44 | 25 (54) | 55 (56) | 0.04 |\n| Metabolic Characteristics | | | | | | |\n| Prediabetes | 8 (17) | 44", "score": 0.78493005 } ], "publishedAt": "2026-09-16T00:35:41.367209+00:00", "updatedAt": "2026-09-16T00:35:41.367209+00:00", "readingMinutes": 6, "slug": "prediabetes" }