{ "schemaVersion": 2, "eyebrow": "Head and Neck Oncology", "title": "Laryngeal Cancer", "summary": "Manage laryngeal cancer by defining subsite, laryngeal function, local extent, nodal burden, and resectability before choosing single-modality treatment, larynx preservation, or total laryngectomy with planned rehabilitation.", "seoDescription": "Physician guide to laryngeal cancer staging, biopsy, imaging, organ preservation, neck management, total laryngectomy, and surveillance.", "clinicalQuestion": "How should physicians stage and select treatment for early, locally advanced, recurrent, and unresectable laryngeal cancer?", "specialty": "Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery", "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees", "tags": [ "laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma", "glottic cancer", "supraglottic cancer", "larynx preservation", "total laryngectomy", "head and neck oncology" ], "keyTakeaways": [ "Obtain direct laryngoscopy with biopsy for tissue diagnosis; pair endoscopic assessment with imaging to define resectability and regional disease. [9]", "For T1–T2 glottic cancer, transoral/endolaryngeal surgery and radiotherapy provide comparably high cure rates; select according to anatomy, expected voice and swallowing outcome, patient factors, and local expertise. [7][8][9]", "Do not routinely treat the clinically node-negative neck in early glottic cancer, where lymphatic drainage and nodal involvement are limited. [8][9]", "Locally advanced disease requires multidisciplinary selection among surgery plus adjuvant therapy and definitive chemoradiotherapy; baseline laryngeal function and treatment adherence materially affect whether preservation is appropriate. [9][10]", "Use contrast-enhanced CT to assess pre-epiglottic and paraglottic space disease, subglottic extension, and cartilage invasion; add MRI and/or PET/CT when CT cannot resolve early mucosal or soft-tissue extent. [13]", "After total laryngectomy, identify the patient as a permanent neck breather: oral or nasal intubation is not possible, and early stoma suctioning and airway surveillance are required. [15]" ], "sections": [ { "id": "initial-assessment", "eyebrow": "Diagnosis and Staging", "heading": "Establish histology, subsite, extent, and functional candidacy before treatment selection", "intro": "The pivotal treatment distinction is limited disease suitable for single-modality therapy versus advanced disease requiring multimodality planning.", "paragraphs": [ "Perform flexible laryngoscopy to document primary subsite, mucosal extent, vocal-cord mobility, airway adequacy, and swallowing function, then obtain direct laryngoscopy with biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy remain the diagnostic gold standard; imaging complements pathology by assessing local extension, resectability, prognosis, and treatment planning. [9]", "Stage glottic and supraglottic primaries with attention to local extension and vocal-cord fixation. Nodal staging incorporates nodal size, number, laterality, and extranodal extension; these features move management from primary-only treatment toward planned neck treatment and multimodality therapy. [10]", "Obtain contrast-enhanced CT of the neck when defining deep extension or advanced disease. CT identifies invasion of the pre-epiglottic space, paraglottic space, and subglottic extension; cartilage invasion is particularly consequential because it supports T4 classification. If early mucosal disease or soft-tissue invasion remains unclear on CT, use MRI and/or PET/CT for further delineation. [13]", "Use FDG-PET/CT in initial staging when stage III or IV laryngeal cancer is suspected. PET/CT has greater diagnostic accuracy than conventional imaging for staging head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and can reduce unnecessary additional procedures or treatment. [23]" ], "bullets": [ "Bring each newly diagnosed case to a multidisciplinary head and neck tumor board before definitive treatment; selection must integrate subsite, tumor extent, nodal status, baseline voice and swallowing, comorbidity, adherence capacity, preferences, and local surgical and radiation expertise. [9][15]", "Treat compromised airway as an urgent procedural issue while diagnostic and oncologic planning proceed; airway compromise is an early postoperative concern after laryngectomy and requires clinicians familiar with stoma-based airway care. [15]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Staging information that changes the next diagnostic or treatment decision. [9][10][13][23]", "columns": [ "Finding", "How to establish it", "Decision consequence" ], "rows": [ [ "Histologic malignancy", "Direct laryngoscopy with biopsy. [9]", "Confirms diagnosis before definitive surgery, radiotherapy, or systemic therapy planning. [9]" ], [ "Vocal-cord fixation or impaired mobility", "Flexible and direct laryngoscopic examination; incorporate into glottic or supraglottic T staging. [10]", "Signals greater local extent and requires reassessment of conservation surgery and larynx-preservation candidacy. [9][10]" ], [ "Pre-epiglottic or paraglottic space invasion; subglottic extension", "Contrast-enhanced CT. [13]", "Defines deep local extension that may alter T category, resectability assessment, radiation design, and surgical approach. [13]" ], [ "Cartilage invasion", "CT; dual-energy CT improves assessment versus conventional CT. [13]", "Supports T4 disease assessment and prompts discussion of total laryngectomy versus selected nonsurgical approaches. [13][15]" ], [ "Stage III–IV suspected disease", "FDG-PET/CT during initial staging. [23]", "Improves assessment beyond conventional imaging and informs curative-intent versus metastatic management. [23]" ] ] } }, { "id": "early-stage-management", "eyebrow": "Organ Preservation", "heading": "Choose radiotherapy or conservation surgery for early laryngeal cancer", "intro": "For early glottic cancer, cure and functional preservation—not treatment escalation—drive selection.", "paragraphs": [ "Treat most stage I–II laryngeal cancers with one definitive modality: surgery or radiotherapy. In T1–T2 glottic squamous cell carcinoma, systematic reviews show comparably high cure rates with transoral laser/endolaryngeal surgery and radiotherapy; reported survival is high with either radiotherapy or transoral microsurgery. [7][9][10]", "Choose transoral/endolaryngeal resection when complete endoscopic excision is feasible and expected voice and swallowing outcomes are acceptable. Choose definitive radiotherapy when anatomy, exposure, anticipated resection-related functional loss, patient preference, or institutional expertise favors a nonsurgical approach. Functional preservation should be a central discriminator because oncologic outcomes are similar in appropriately selected early disease. [8][9]", "For clinically node-negative early glottic tumors, direct treatment to the primary rather than routinely treating the neck. Early glottic cancers have limited submucosal lymphatic networks and uncommon nodal disease, making single-modality primary treatment generally sufficient. [8][9]", "Do not apply the same neck strategy to supraglottic disease by default. Subsite-specific patterns of spread differ, and nodal status must be incorporated into the treatment plan rather than inferred from glottic cancer paradigms. [10]" ], "bullets": [ "Reconsider a conservative endoscopic strategy when anterior commissure involvement is present; it is a negative prognostic factor for 5-year local control in T1 glottic tumors. [7]", "Use the pre-treatment voice and swallowing baseline to distinguish an anatomic larynx from a functionally preservable larynx; treatment selection in advanced disease explicitly depends on baseline function. [9]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Early glottic cancer treatment selection. [7][8][9][10]", "columns": [ "Clinical pattern", "Preferred definitive options", "Neck implication" ], "rows": [ [ "T1–T2 glottic cancer with feasible endoscopic resection", "Transoral laser/endolaryngeal surgery or definitive radiotherapy; compare expected functional outcome and patient preference because cure rates are comparable. [7][8][9]", "Routine elective cervical node treatment is generally not performed in early glottic cancer. [8][9]" ], [ "Early glottic cancer with anatomy or anticipated function unfavorable for endoscopic resection", "Definitive radiotherapy is an organ-preserving standard option for many early glottic tumors. [9]", "Primary-directed single-modality treatment is commonly sufficient when nodal disease is absent. [9]" ], [ "Early glottic tumor with anterior commissure involvement", "Use individualized surgical versus radiotherapy planning; recognize lower local-control prognosis for T1 tumors with this feature. [7]", "Base neck treatment on nodal evaluation rather than anterior commissure involvement alone. [7][10]" ] ] } }, { "id": "locally-advanced-disease", "eyebrow": "Multimodality Treatment", "heading": "Separate resectable, function-preservable disease from disease better served by total laryngectomy", "intro": "Stage III–IV laryngeal cancer is heterogeneous; larynx preservation is appropriate only when oncologic control and useful post-treatment function remain realistic.", "paragraphs": [ "For locally advanced laryngeal cancer, select among primary chemoradiotherapy, surgery followed by radiotherapy, and combined-modality treatment. Advanced-stage disease has poorer prognosis than stage I–II disease and generally warrants multimodality therapy rather than primary-only treatment. [10]", "Use a larynx-preservation approach only after confirming accurate staging and evaluating tumor subsite, vocal-cord mobility, anterior commissure involvement, nodal status, age, comorbidity, baseline function, treatment compliance, psychosocial and logistical factors, and local expertise. The goal is function preservation without compromising oncologic control, not avoidance of surgery at any cost. [9]", "Discuss total laryngectomy when tumor extent or baseline dysfunction makes reliable functional preservation unlikely, and for surgical salvage of persistent or recurrent disease when an organ-preserving approach has failed. Procedure selection must also account for resectability: unresectable disease, carotid encasement, and distant metastases are contraindications to curative total laryngectomy. [15]", "In selected advanced supraglottic tumors, partial-laryngeal procedures may remain feasible. T3 disease with pre-epiglottic space invasion but without transglottic spread can be considered for supraglottic partial laryngectomy; arytenoidectomy requires extended supraglottic laryngectomy and is associated with longer recovery and more serious complications. [23]" ], "bullets": [ "Assess the neck explicitly in every advanced case; nodal disease changes prognosis and drives planned regional therapy. [10]", "Use PET/CT in suspected stage III–IV presentation to improve initial staging before committing to curative-intent surgery or chemoradiotherapy. [23]", "If the patient cannot complete prolonged chemoradiotherapy because of medical, behavioral, psychosocial, socioeconomic, or logistic barriers, revisit surgical and radiation options in the multidisciplinary setting rather than labeling the case generically as unsuitable for preservation. [9]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Locally advanced laryngeal cancer: treatment branch points. [9][10][15][23]", "columns": [ "Branch point", "Action", "Tradeoff" ], "rows": [ [ "Advanced but resectable cancer with realistic functional preservation", "Discuss definitive chemoradiotherapy and surgical pathways in a multidisciplinary setting. [9][10]", "Organ preservation may retain a functional larynx but requires careful tumor selection and treatment completion. [9]" ], [ "Tumor extent or laryngeal function unfavorable for preservation", "Plan total laryngectomy with appropriate adjuvant treatment assessment. [10][15]", "Maximizes local surgical control when preservation would compromise oncologic or functional outcome, but creates a permanent tracheal stoma. [15]" ], [ "Selected T3 supraglottic tumor with pre-epiglottic space invasion and no transglottic spread", "Consider supraglottic partial laryngectomy when anatomic and functional criteria are met. [23]", "Avoids total laryngectomy in selected patients but extended procedures, particularly with arytenoidectomy, have greater recovery burden and complications. [23]" ], [ "Distant metastases, carotid encasement, or unresectable tumor", "Do not proceed with curative total laryngectomy; redirect treatment planning according to metastatic or unresectable status. [15]", "Surgical morbidity is not justified when complete curative resection is not feasible. [15]" ] ] } }, { "id": "post-treatment-surveillance", "eyebrow": "Follow-up and Salvage", "heading": "Use structured endoscopic surveillance to find salvageable recurrence and monitor treatment-related dysfunction", "intro": "Surveillance is most valuable when detection of limited recurrence can preserve organ function or permit curative salvage.", "paragraphs": [ "After treatment for early glottic cancer, perform structured observation with endoscopic examination and risk-adapted use of radiologic imaging. Timely recognition of limited residual or recurrent disease can permit salvage surgery or salvage radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy while preserving organ function. [24]", "Risk stratify follow-up rather than relying only on stage. A consensus framework for T1–T2N0 early glottic cancer distinguishes surgical from nonsurgical pathways and incorporates endoscopic examination, imaging, and thyroid-function screening; this addresses the practical need to detect recurrence and functional complications after either modality. [24]", "When recurrence is suspected clinically or endoscopically, re-establish local extent and resectability before salvage selection. Imaging is central for defining deep tissue involvement, cartilage invasion, and disease beyond clinical examination; persistent or recurrent disease after larynx-preserving therapy may require salvage total laryngectomy. [13][15]" ], "bullets": [ "Monitor swallowing and voice function in parallel with oncologic surveillance because functional preservation is a primary treatment goal. [9][15]", "After nonsurgical treatment, include thyroid-function screening within the early glottic surveillance pathway. [24]", "Do not delay assessment of a new mucosal lesion, progressive dysphonia, swallowing deterioration, or new cervical adenopathy; these findings require repeat endoscopic evaluation and restaging for potentially salvageable disease. [9][13][24]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Post-treatment actions organized by the decision they support. [13][15][24]", "columns": [ "Surveillance problem", "Next step", "Why it changes care" ], "rows": [ [ "Routine follow-up after T1–T2N0 early glottic treatment", "Use risk-stratified endoscopic surveillance; select imaging and thyroid screening according to surgical versus nonsurgical pathway. [24]", "Early detection of limited recurrence may retain curative and larynx-preserving salvage options. [24]" ], [ "Suspicion for deep recurrence or cartilage involvement", "Restage with cross-sectional imaging; CT assesses paraglottic, pre-epiglottic, subglottic, and cartilage involvement, with MRI and/or PET/CT when CT is insufficient. [13]", "Defines salvage resectability and whether a conservation approach remains feasible. [13][15]" ], [ "Persistent or recurrent tumor after prior organ-preservation therapy", "Evaluate for salvage surgery, including total laryngectomy when indicated. [15][24]", "Delayed detection can reduce the opportunity for curative or organ-preserving salvage. [24]" ] ] } }, { "id": "laryngectomy-care", "eyebrow": "Procedural Safety", "heading": "Manage the total laryngectomy patient as a permanent neck breather", "intro": "Post-laryngectomy airway errors are preventable and immediately hazardous.", "paragraphs": [ "After total laryngectomy, place the patient in a unit experienced with laryngectomy care, provide frequent stoma suctioning during the first postoperative days, and monitor for bleeding, edema, and airway compromise. These are recognized early complications requiring direct observation and prompt airway intervention through the stoma. [15]", "Place clear bedside and room signage identifying a permanent neck breather. The patient cannot be intubated orally or nasally after total laryngectomy; emergency oxygenation and airway access must be directed through the tracheal stoma. [15]", "In preoperative counseling, frame total laryngectomy as an oncologic and functional decision: it may be necessary for disease not amenable to a reliable preservation strategy, while speech and swallowing rehabilitation require coordinated multidisciplinary planning. [15]" ], "bullets": [ "Escalate early postoperative bleeding, edema, or increasing work of breathing as a stoma-airway emergency. [15]", "Communicate laryngectomy status during all transfers, procedures, and emergency evaluations to prevent failed oral or nasal airway attempts. [15]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Immediate post-total-laryngectomy safety actions. [15]", "columns": [ "Situation", "Required action", "Avoid" ], "rows": [ [ "Early postoperative stoma care", "Frequent suctioning and monitoring in a ward familiar with laryngectomy care. [15]", "Assuming routine upper-airway secretion clearance is adequate. [15]" ], [ "Emergency respiratory deterioration", "Assess and oxygenate through the tracheal stoma. [15]", "Oral or nasal intubation. [15]" ], [ "Transfer or bedside care", "Use visible permanent-neck-breather signage. [15]", "Leaving airway anatomy undocumented for unfamiliar teams. [15]" ] ] } } ], "faq": [], "references": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Voice after laryngectomy", "detail": "www.bmj.com", "url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/304/6818/2.full.pdf", "authors": "www.bmj.com", "host": "www.bmj.com" }, { "number": 2, "title": "HEAD AND NECK : Journal of Cancer Research ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2025/11001/head_and_neck.8.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 3, "title": "Results of radiotherapy in squamous cell laryngeal cancer", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/indianjcancer/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=02223310-202259030-00005", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 4, "title": "Special requirements for TNM-staging in esophageal cancer", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/jtd/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=01517491-202406000-00001", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 5, "title": "Pre-treatment “Lung Cancer Imaging - Reporting and Data ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/crst/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=02201859-202205040-00023", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 6, "title": "An update on larynx cancer", "detail": "acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3322/caac.21386", "authors": "acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com" }, { "number": 7, "title": "Overview of glottic laryngeal cancer treatment recommendation changes in the NCCN guidelines from 2011 to 2022", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10432469", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 8, "title": "Guidelines for the Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer from the Korean Society of Head and Neck Surgery", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12146613", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 9, "title": "Systemic therapy in the curative treatment of laryngeal cancer - PMC", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13189052", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 10, "title": "Laryngeal Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526076", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 11, "title": "A Current Perspective of Two of the Most Aggressive Head and Neck Cancers: Pharyngeal and Laryngeal", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12562369", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 12, "title": "Overview of glottic laryngeal cancer treatment ...", "detail": "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37288471", "authors": "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 13, "title": "Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: Approach to Staging and Surveillance - 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EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer - Uroweb", "detail": "uroweb.org", "url": "https://uroweb.org/guidelines/prostate%E2%80%90cancer/chapter/treatment", "authors": "uroweb.org", "host": "uroweb.org" }, { "number": 21, "title": "HEAD AND NECK : Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/11001/head_and_neck.1.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 22, "title": "The value of Flouorine 18-Fluorodeoxy glucose positron ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/tamj/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=00767588-202601000-00011", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 23, "title": "Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Laryngeal Cancer: Korean Society of Thyroid-Head and Neck Surgery", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5327593", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" }, { "number": 24, "title": "European Laryngological Society consensus statement on optimal monitoring schedules after treatment for early glottic cancer: a risk-stratification - PMC", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12423193", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" } ], "editorialNote": "Prepared from cited clinical literature using Astra's research workflow. Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.", "citations": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Voice after laryngectomy", "detail": "www.bmj.com", "url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/304/6818/2.full.pdf", "authors": "www.bmj.com", "host": "www.bmj.com", "snippet": "Results of treatment by radiation and surgery. Laryngoscope 1977;87:1288-303. L0 Olofsson J, Lord IJ, Van Nostrand AWP. Vocal cord fixation in laryngeal", "score": 0.22139315 }, { "number": 2, "title": "HEAD AND NECK : Journal of Cancer Research ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2025/11001/head_and_neck.8.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "contrast-enhanced MRI or PET-CT were included. Each patient underwent CT simulation, Computed tomography scans of 18 patients with locally advanced laryngeal", "score": 0.35293794 }, { "number": 3, "title": "Results of radiotherapy in squamous cell laryngeal cancer", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/indianjcancer/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=02223310-202259030-00005", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "by MK Bolukbas · 2022 · Cited by 4 — Image-gated RT (IGRT) technique was used. A total of 80% of the patients were staged with PET-CT. the low staging procedures should not prolong", "score": 0.34356245 }, { "number": 4, "title": "Special requirements for TNM-staging in esophageal cancer", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/jtd/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=01517491-202406000-00001", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "by M Sundbom · 2024 · Cited by 1 — Additional proposed modalities to improve staging was PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or MRI with diffusion weighted imaging which could", "score": 0.24580437 }, { "number": 5, "title": "Pre-treatment “Lung Cancer Imaging - Reporting and Data ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/crst/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=02201859-202205040-00023", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "by N Chakrabarty · 2022 · Cited by 3 — The new 8th TNM staging system of lung cancer and its potential imaging interpretation pitfalls and limitations with CT image demonstrations.", "score": 0.21865308 }, { "number": 6, "title": "An update on larynx cancer", "detail": "acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3322/caac.21386", "authors": "acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by CE Steuer · 2017 · Cited by 970 — Transoral laser microsurgery for advanced laryngeal cancer. Hyperfractionated or accelerated radio- therapy in head and neck cancer: a meta- analysis.", "score": 0.6519982 }, { "number": 7, "title": "Overview of glottic laryngeal cancer treatment recommendation changes in the NCCN guidelines from 2011 to 2022", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10432469", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "The application of the American Joint Committee on Cancer's TNM staging system for glottic cancer is crucial for the selection of the most appropriate treatment option.4 Glottic SCC can be treated with the individual or combined application of surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy. Surgery an", "score": 0.7950386 }, { "number": 8, "title": "Guidelines for the Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer from the Korean Society of Head and Neck Surgery", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12146613", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "Recently, the Korean National Cancer Center initiated a project to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for laryngeal cancer treatment using systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Comprehensiv", "score": 0.7253574 }, { "number": 9, "title": "Systemic therapy in the curative treatment of laryngeal cancer - PMC", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13189052", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "Larynx-preservation treatment has led to the recommendation that “a function-preserving treatment should be the first choice for every patient with laryngeal carcinoma”, provided that oncologic outcomes are not compromised.\n\nThe success of larynx-preservation strategies depends on careful patient an", "score": 0.72325134 }, { "number": 10, "title": "Laryngeal Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526076", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "Each primary subsite of laryngeal carcinoma carries different implications in symptomatic presentation, patterns of spread, prognosis, and treatment paradigms. Early-stage disease is often highly treatable or curable in the supraglottis and glottis, although the prognosis remains poor in the subglot", "score": 0.7089592 }, { "number": 11, "title": "A Current Perspective of Two of the Most Aggressive Head and Neck Cancers: Pharyngeal and Laryngeal", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12562369", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "The American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline update by Forastiere et al., based on a systematic review of 150 studies published between 2005 and 2017, provided updated recommendations on larynx-preservation strategies in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. Following the results obtained, they ", "score": 0.6877354 }, { "number": 12, "title": "Overview of glottic laryngeal cancer treatment ...", "detail": "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37288471", "authors": "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "by LPA Arboleda · 2023 · Cited by 29 — Aim: The present review was conducted to identify changes in the NCCN guidelines for glottic cancer treatment made between 2011 and 2022 and to", "score": 0.6002124 }, { "number": 13, "title": "Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: Approach to Staging and Surveillance - Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine 2024-2027 - NCBI Bookshelf", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK608597", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "For other types of head and neck cancers, CT scans are generally beneficial in identifying advanced stages of cancers that have infiltrated neighboring structures that are difficult to detect clinically. For laryngeal cancers, CT scans can shed light on the invasion of the pre-epiglottic space, para", "score": 0.4851368 }, { "number": 14, "title": "Hypopharyngeal Cancer - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567720", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "guidelines, the treatment approach is dictated by disease stage at presentation: [...] Effective management of hypopharyngeal cancer requires a collaborative, interprofessional approach to ensure timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and comprehensive patient support. Physicians and advanced prac", "score": 0.29954603 }, { "number": 15, "title": "Total Laryngectomy - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556041", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "## Complications\n\nEarly complications after total laryngectomy include bleeding, postoperative edema, and airway compromise. The patient should be carefully monitored for these complications in the immediate postoperative period. The patient should be on a postoperative ward familiar with laryngecto", "score": 0.6803909 }, { "number": 16, "title": "Posttreatment CT and MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer", "detail": "pubs.rsna.org", "url": "https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.325115160", "authors": "pubs.rsna.org", "host": "pubs.rsna.org", "snippet": "by N Saito · 2012 · Cited by 157 — Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for organ preservation in advanced laryngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;349(22):2091–2098. View · PubMed · Google", "score": 0.5792344 }, { "number": 17, "title": "CT Findings after Laryngectomy | RadioGraphics", "detail": "pubs.rsna.org", "url": "https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.283075091", "authors": "pubs.rsna.org", "host": "pubs.rsna.org", "snippet": "by C Ferreiro-Argüelles · 2008 · Cited by 24 — The goal of surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer is to achieve tumor control while preserving, whenever possible, the three primary functions of the larynx:", "score": 0.46526662 }, { "number": 18, "title": "Transoral Robotic Surgery in Head and Neck Cancer", "detail": "pubs.rsna.org", "url": "https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.336135518", "authors": "pubs.rsna.org", "host": "pubs.rsna.org", "snippet": "by LA Loevner · 2013 · Cited by 42 — organ-preservation therapies, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. Induction chemotherapy plus radiation compared", "score": 0.36324075 }, { "number": 19, "title": "pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carci", "detail": "pubs.rsna.org", "url": "https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/pdf/10.1148/rg.2019190007", "authors": "pubs.rsna.org", "host": "pubs.rsna.org", "snippet": "by U Parvathaneni · 2019 · Cited by 42 — Survival and gastrostomy prevalence in patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with transoral robotic surgery vs chemoradiotherapy.", "score": 0.34979975 }, { "number": 20, "title": "Treatment - EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer - Uroweb", "detail": "uroweb.org", "url": "https://uroweb.org/guidelines/prostate%E2%80%90cancer/chapter/treatment", "authors": "uroweb.org", "host": "uroweb.org", "snippet": "Functional outcomes are also worse compared to primary surgery, considering urinary incontinence (47.9%, range 21%- 90%) and ED in nearly all patients [1108][1110][1117].\n\n###### 6.4.5.b.1.c. Summary of salvage radical prostatectomy\n\nIn general, SRP should be considered only in selected patients with ", "score": 0.13381115 }, { "number": 21, "title": "HEAD AND NECK : Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/11001/head_and_neck.1.aspx", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "chemoradiation. They were treated using IMRT technique along with concurrent cisplatin. Patients were assessed weekly for acute toxicities. Posttreatment follow-up was done at 3 months to assess for remission and followed subsequently for disease status. Results: Fifty-three patients diagnosed with ", "score": 0.163379 }, { "number": 22, "title": "The value of Flouorine 18-Fluorodeoxy glucose positron ...", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/tamj/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?an=00767588-202601000-00011", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "When looking for head and neck cancer, combined PET/CT is superior to MRI or computed tomography (CT) alone because it is more sensitive and", "score": 0.09116359 }, { "number": 23, "title": "Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Laryngeal Cancer: Korean Society of Thyroid-Head and Neck Surgery", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5327593", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "As described for early supraglottic cancer treatment, advanced supraglottic cancer (T3/T4) can be managed with supraglottic laryngectomy or SCL . T3 tumors with pre-epiglottic space invasion but without transglottic spread may be good candidates for supraglottic partial laryngectomy (SPL). Cases req", "score": 0.6519982 }, { "number": 24, "title": "European Laryngological Society consensus statement on optimal monitoring schedules after treatment for early glottic cancer: a risk-stratification - PMC", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12423193", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "A key aspect of laryngeal cancer management is the high potential for organ preservation in timely detection of limited recurrences that can still be treated with salvage surgery or (chemo-)radiotherapy ([C]RT) [3–10]. Many existing guidelines, such as those of the National Comprehensive Cancer Netw", "score": 0.6410185 } ], "publishedAt": "2026-08-24T17:10:47.318353+00:00", "updatedAt": "2026-08-24T17:10:47.318353+00:00", "readingMinutes": 6, "slug": "laryngeal-cancer" }