{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "eyebrow": "Emergency Medicine",
  "title": "Heat Stroke",
  "summary": "Heat stroke is a time-critical hyperthermic emergency defined by central nervous system dysfunction with markedly elevated core temperature. Immediate active cooling—particularly for exertional collapse—takes priority over transport, while clinicians evaluate and manage evolving renal, hepatic, muscle, and coagulation injury.",
  "seoDescription": "Physician guide to recognizing heat stroke, obtaining core temperature, prioritizing rapid cooling, evaluating organ injury, and planning follow-up.",
  "clinicalQuestion": "How should clinicians rapidly recognize, cool, evaluate, and disposition patients with suspected heat stroke?",
  "specialty": "Emergency Medicine",
  "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees",
  "tags": [
    "heat stroke",
    "exertional heat stroke",
    "classic heat stroke",
    "hyperthermia",
    "rapid cooling",
    "rectal temperature",
    "heat illness"
  ],
  "keyTakeaways": [
    "Suspect heat stroke when hyperthermia is accompanied by central nervous system dysfunction; traditional diagnostic descriptions use core temperature of at least 40°C. [12][13]",
    "For suspected exertional heat stroke, obtain a rectal core temperature when feasible and initiate rapid whole-body cooling immediately; expert consensus emphasizes cool first, transport second. [11][18]",
    "Do not delay cooling for laboratory testing, intravenous access, or transfer. The goal in athletic-event guidance is cooling within 30 minutes of collapse. [11]",
    "After stabilization, evaluate for delayed renal, hepatic, musculoskeletal, neurologic, and coagulation complications. [11][13]"
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "recognition-and-classification",
      "eyebrow": "Recognition",
      "heading": "When to diagnose heat stroke",
      "intro": "Treat the clinical syndrome urgently; a single temperature threshold should not delay cooling.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Heat stroke is characterized by hyperthermia with central nervous system dysfunction, including delirium, seizures, or coma, and may progress to multisystem injury. Traditional definitions use core temperature of at least 40°C, although measured temperature may be lower after spontaneous or prehospital cooling. [12][13][15]",
        "Classify the exposure phenotype because it directs prevention and prehospital operations. Classic heat stroke follows environmental heat exposure without exertion, whereas exertional heat stroke follows vigorous physical activity, usually but not invariably in hot or humid conditions. [13]"
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Do not exclude exertional heat stroke because ambient conditions seem moderate; exertion, clothing, and individual susceptibility can create a dangerous heat load. [13][18]",
        "Neurologic abnormality in a collapsed, overheated patient should be presumed heat stroke until proven otherwise, with simultaneous evaluation for alternative causes of altered mental status. [12][13]",
        "In sports settings, gait instability may be a useful field finding; in one military report, diagnosed cases had rectal temperatures above 41°C with CNS dysfunction. [19]"
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Clinical distinction between major heat-stroke phenotypes. [13]",
        "columns": [
          "Phenotype",
          "Typical precipitant",
          "Clinical implication"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "Classic heat stroke",
            "Environmental heat exposure without physical exertion [13]",
            "Identify environmental and patient vulnerability factors while beginning immediate cooling."
          ],
          [
            "Exertional heat stroke",
            "Vigorous physical activity, usually but not always in hot or humid conditions [13]",
            "Use event-based triage, rectal temperature assessment, and on-site rapid whole-body cooling when available. [18]"
          ]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "immediate-management",
      "eyebrow": "First priority",
      "heading": "Cool immediately before transport when feasible",
      "intro": "The decisive early intervention is rapid reduction of core temperature.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "For suspected exertional heat stroke, expert sports-medicine consensus recommends rapid on-site whole-body cooling and explicitly prioritizes cooling before transport. This approach is intended to minimize duration of severe hyperthermia; event guidance targets cooling within the first 30 minutes after collapse. [11][18]",
        "Rectal temperature assessment is specifically recommended for diagnostic assessment in athletic heat-stroke response systems. Continue core-temperature monitoring during treatment and confirm stable post-cooling core temperature for at least 15 minutes before initiating hospital referral in the athletic-event protocol. [11][18]",
        "Coordinate stabilization and cooling rather than sequencing routine emergency tasks ahead of cooling. In a patient with airway compromise, uncontrolled convulsions, shock, trauma, toxicologic concern, or another immediate threat, resuscitation proceeds concurrently with active cooling."
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Activate emergency medical services and prepare definitive transfer, but do not use transport as a substitute for available on-site cooling. [11][18]",
        "Use a core-temperature method appropriate to the setting; athletic consensus specifically identifies rectal measurement for suspected exertional heat stroke. [18]",
        "Document collapse time, cooling initiation time, cooling method, serial core temperatures, mental status, environmental conditions, exertional context, medications, and any prehospital treatment."
      ],
      "subsections": [
        {
          "heading": "Why time matters",
          "paragraphs": [
            "Heat stroke can trigger systemic inflammatory responses and coagulopathy, with subsequent multiorgan injury. Immediate cooling is described as the most effective treatment strategy in contemporary exertional heat-stroke review literature. [13]"
          ],
          "bullets": []
        }
      ],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Operational priorities for suspected exertional heat stroke. [11][18]",
        "columns": [
          "Priority",
          "Action",
          "Rationale"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "1",
            "Recognize collapse with CNS dysfunction and obtain rectal core temperature when feasible. [18]",
            "Supports prompt identification of exertional heat stroke."
          ],
          [
            "2",
            "Start rapid whole-body cooling on site. [18]",
            "Reduces duration of excessive hyperthermia."
          ],
          [
            "3",
            "Cool before transport when on-site cooling is available. [11][18]",
            "Consensus operational principle for exertional heat stroke."
          ],
          [
            "4",
            "Transfer after stabilization for hospital evaluation and ongoing monitoring. [11]",
            "Organ injury and neurologic complications may not be apparent initially."
          ]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "hospital-evaluation",
      "eyebrow": "Post-cooling care",
      "heading": "Evaluate for evolving organ injury",
      "intro": "A normal appearance after cooling does not eliminate the need for structured reassessment.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Following treatment of exertional heat stroke, hospital evaluation should include a general physical examination, cognitive testing for anterograde and retrograde amnesia, laboratory testing for renal, hepatic, and musculoskeletal injury, and continued core-temperature monitoring. [11]",
        "The available sources support assessment for coagulopathy as a clinically important heat-stroke complication, but they do not provide a source-supported laboratory panel, repeat-testing interval, fluid regimen, pharmacologic regimen, or disposition threshold. Individualize testing and monitoring to the exposure history, neurologic course, hemodynamics, urine output, renal function, hepatic injury, muscle injury, and bleeding risk. [13][21]"
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Perform and document serial mental-status examinations, including memory assessment when the patient can participate. [11]",
        "Assess renal, hepatic, and musculoskeletal injury with laboratory testing; reassess clinically and biochemically when initial abnormalities or illness severity warrant. [11]",
        "Evaluate for coagulopathy when clinically indicated because heat stroke can be associated with systemic inflammatory injury and coagulation disturbance. [13][21]",
        "Seek competing or concurrent diagnoses when the clinical course, temperature pattern, or neurologic findings are atypical."
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Domains specifically identified for post-treatment hospital evaluation after exertional heat stroke. [11]",
        "columns": [
          "Domain",
          "Assessment"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "Neurologic",
            "General examination and cognitive testing, including anterograde and retrograde amnesia assessment. [11]"
          ],
          [
            "Core temperature",
            "Continue core-temperature monitoring after cooling. [11]"
          ],
          [
            "Renal injury",
            "Obtain blood testing for markers of renal damage. [11]"
          ],
          [
            "Hepatic injury",
            "Obtain blood testing for markers of hepatic damage. [11]"
          ],
          [
            "Musculoskeletal injury",
            "Obtain blood testing for markers of musculoskeletal damage. [11]"
          ],
          [
            "Coagulation",
            "Assess when clinically indicated; heat-stroke literature identifies coagulopathy as a complication. [13][21]"
          ]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "medications-and-contributors",
      "eyebrow": "Medication review",
      "heading": "Identify pharmacologic contributors and avoid compounding heat intolerance",
      "intro": "Medication reconciliation can reveal impaired sweating, dehydration risk, or reduced heat tolerance.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Anticholinergic exposure can impair sweating and predispose to heat injury. Benztropine labeling warns of anhidrosis, hyperthermia, and heat stroke, including potentially fatal heat-related events when combined with phenothiazines or tricyclic antidepressants. [5] Dicyclomine labeling likewise describes reduced sweating with risk of heat prostration, fever, and heat stroke in high environmental temperatures. [9]",
        "Medication history should also identify agents that can worsen volume depletion or renal vulnerability. Dapagliflozin causes intravascular volume contraction and can produce symptomatic hypotension; its labeling highlights increased vulnerability in older adults and patients with renal impairment. [2] This does not establish causality for heat stroke, but it is clinically relevant during assessment of a heat-exposed patient with hypotension or acute kidney injury."
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Ask specifically about anticholinergics, antipsychotic-class agents, tricyclic antidepressants, diuretics, glucose-lowering therapies associated with volume depletion, alcohol, and recent medication changes. [2][5][9]",
        "Review nonprescription products and combination therapies for anticholinergic burden.",
        "During acute illness, reassess medications that may worsen hypotension, dehydration, renal dysfunction, or thermoregulation in the context of the patient's indication and overall clinical status. [2][5][9]"
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Label-supported medication considerations relevant to heat exposure. [2][5][9]",
        "columns": [
          "Medication or class",
          "Relevant label information",
          "Clinical implication"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "Benztropine",
            "May produce anhidrosis; hyperthermia and heat stroke are reported, including fatal events with phenothiazines and/or tricyclic antidepressants. [5]",
            "Assess anticholinergic burden and counsel on heat exposure risk."
          ],
          [
            "Dicyclomine",
            "Reduced sweating may cause heat prostration, fever, and heat stroke in high environmental temperatures. [9]",
            "Consider as a modifiable contributor to heat intolerance."
          ],
          [
            "Dapagliflozin",
            "Causes intravascular volume contraction and may cause symptomatic hypotension; adverse reactions related to volume depletion and renal function occur more often in older adults and renal impairment. [2]",
            "Consider volume status and renal function during acute heat illness."
          ]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "follow-up-and-return",
      "eyebrow": "Disposition",
      "heading": "Plan follow-up and return to exertion conservatively",
      "intro": "Recovery decisions require more than normalization of temperature.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Athletes treated for exertional heat stroke should undergo hospital follow-up evaluation after cooling. In the cited event-management guidance, the hospital physician determines discharge, whereas the athlete's team physician determines return to competition. [11]",
        "Return-to-activity planning should account for neurologic recovery, cognitive findings, and evidence of renal, hepatic, musculoskeletal, or coagulation injury. The supplied sources do not provide validated U.S. laboratory targets, a fixed observation interval, or a universal graded return-to-play schedule; avoid presenting one as evidence-based from this search set. [11][13]"
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Give explicit return precautions for recurrent confusion, syncope, vomiting, worsening weakness, reduced urine output, jaundice, bleeding, or dark urine.",
        "For organized sports or occupational settings, communicate the event circumstances and clinical course to the responsible medical team.",
        "Use the episode to review acclimatization, environmental heat policies, hydration and recovery practices, illness before exertion, and medication contributors. [13][18]"
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": null
    },
    {
      "id": "prevention-and-systems",
      "eyebrow": "Prevention",
      "heading": "Build heat-stroke prevention into event and workplace systems",
      "intro": "Prevention depends on environmental surveillance, trained personnel, and a rehearsed cooling response.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "International sports consensus recommends environmental heat policies with clear communication of heat risk and associated countermeasures, and it emphasizes clinician training in early recognition, rectal-temperature assessment, and rapid on-site whole-body cooling. [18]",
        "Exertional heat-stroke risk is thought to be increased by dehydration, age, body composition, prior illness, and other factors, although the review literature emphasizes that the evidence base for risk factors remains limited. [13] Prevention planning should therefore favor modifiable operational safeguards over relying on individual risk prediction alone."
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Establish a written escalation pathway for high heat-stress conditions, including authority to modify or stop activity. [18]",
        "Ensure event medical teams can measure rectal temperature and deliver rapid whole-body cooling on site. [18]",
        "Pre-establish receiving-hospital communication and transfer procedures for severe cases. [11]",
        "Review medication-related thermoregulatory and volume risks before high-heat exposure, especially in older adults and patients with renal impairment. [2][5][9]"
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": null
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "Is a temperature below 40°C sufficient to rule out heat stroke?",
      "answer": "No. Traditional definitions use core temperature of at least 40°C plus CNS dysfunction, but a lower measured value can follow spontaneous or prehospital cooling. In an overheated patient with altered mental status, begin active cooling rather than waiting for a threshold confirmation. [12][13][15]"
    },
    {
      "question": "What temperature measurement is preferred for suspected exertional heat stroke?",
      "answer": "Athletic-event consensus specifically recommends rectal temperature assessment for diagnosis of exertional heat stroke. [18]"
    },
    {
      "question": "Should a patient with exertional heat stroke be transported before cooling?",
      "answer": "When rapid on-site cooling is available, consensus guidance prioritizes cooling first and transport second. Athletic-event guidance calls for cooling within 30 minutes of collapse and referral after stable post-cooling core temperature has been confirmed for at least 15 minutes. [11][18]"
    },
    {
      "question": "Which complications should be assessed after apparent stabilization?",
      "answer": "Perform neurologic and cognitive assessment and test for renal, hepatic, and musculoskeletal injury; consider coagulation assessment because heat stroke can be accompanied by coagulopathy. [11][13][21]"
    }
  ],
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  "editorialNote": "Prepared from cited clinical literature using Astra's research workflow. Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.",
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      "snippet": "Toxic psychosis, including confusion, disorientation, memory impairment, visual hallucinations; exacerbation of preexisting psychotic symptoms; nervousness; depression; listlessness; numbness of fingers.   Special Senses   \n   \n Blurred vision, dilated pupils.   Urogenital   \n   \n Urinary retention,",
      "score": 0.24072148
    },
    {
      "number": 6,
      "title": "These highlights do not include all the information needed to use meloxicam oral suspension safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for meloxicam oral suspension. <br/>\n    <br/> Meloxicam oral suspension  <br/> Initial U.S. Approval: 2004",
      "detail": "nctr-crs.fda.gov",
      "url": "https://nctr-crs.fda.gov/fdalabel/services/spl/set-ids/55af77dd-2abc-49a6-990c-399d5a5e7a91/spl-doc",
      "authors": "nctr-crs.fda.gov",
      "host": "nctr-crs.fda.gov",
      "snippet": "|  |  | Steady State | | | Single Dose | |\n ---  ---  --- \n| Pharmacokinetic | | Healthy male | Elderly males | Elderly females | Renal failure | Hepatic insufficiency |\n|  |  | Parameters | adults |  |  |  |\n| (% CV) |  | (Fed)not under high fat conditions | (Fed) | (Fed) | (Fasted) | (Fasted) |\n| ",
      "score": 0.23327857
    },
    {
      "number": 7,
      "title": "[PDF] Reference ID: 5482831 - accessdata.fda.gov",
      "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov",
      "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/021234s024lbl.pdf",
      "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov",
      "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov",
      "snippet": "of worsening renal function (7) • Diuretics: NSAIDs can reduce natriuretic effect of furosemide and thiazide diuretics. Monitor patients to assure diuretic efficacy including antihypertensive effects (7) • Digoxin: Concomitant use with FLECTOR may increase serum concentration and prolong half-life o",
      "score": 0.21280442
    },
    {
      "number": 8,
      "title": "FDA Approves Novel Drug to Treat Moderate to Severe Hot ...",
      "detail": "www.fda.gov",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-novel-drug-treat-moderate-severe-hot-flashes-caused-menopause",
      "authors": "www.fda.gov",
      "host": "www.fda.gov",
      "snippet": "The prescribing information for Veozah includes a warning for elevated hepatic transaminase, or liver injury. Before using Veozah, patients should have blood work done to test for liver damage. While on Veozah, routine bloodwork should be performed every three months for the first nine months of usi",
      "score": 0.21270628
    },
    {
      "number": 9,
      "title": "These highlights do not include all the information needed to use DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLOLRIDE CAPSULES and DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLOLRIDE CAPSULES and DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS.<br/> <br/>DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLOLRIDE capsules, for oral use<br/>DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE tablets, for oral use<br/>Initial U.S. Approval: 1950",
      "detail": "nctr-crs.fda.gov",
      "url": "https://nctr-crs.fda.gov/fdalabel/services/spl/set-ids/793a3f0c-ea45-4e28-a98a-610cf9eddad8/spl-doc",
      "authors": "nctr-crs.fda.gov",
      "host": "nctr-crs.fda.gov",
      "snippet": "5.3 Peripheral and Central Nervous System  The peripheral effects of dicyclomine hydrochloride are a consequence of their inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors of the autonomic nervous system. They include dryness of the mouth with difficulty in swallowing and talking, thirst, reduced bronchial ",
      "score": 0.18246956
    },
    {
      "number": 10,
      "title": "Heat stroke - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US",
      "detail": "bestpractice.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/849",
      "authors": "bestpractice.bmj.com",
      "host": "bestpractice.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "### References\n\n#### Key articles\n\nEifling KP, Gaudio FG, Dumke C, et al. Wilderness Medical Society clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of heat illness: 2024 update. Wilderness Environ Med. 2024 Mar;35(1 suppl):112S-27.Full textAbstract\n\nRoberts WO, Armstrong LE, Sawka MN,",
      "score": 0.61168414
    },
    {
      "number": 11,
      "title": "Prehospital management of exertional heat stroke at",
      "detail": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/early/2021/05/04/bjsports-2020-103854.full.pdf",
      "authors": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "host": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "Lastly, communications with physicians at the designated receiving hospitals providing advanced clinical care should be preestablished to provide seam-less follow on care of the patient. All of these steps will help to ensure that athletes suffering from EHS are cooled within the first 30 min of the",
      "score": 0.46555817
    },
    {
      "number": 12,
      "title": "Systematic review of gender differences in the ...",
      "detail": "bmjopen.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/4/e031825",
      "authors": "bmjopen.bmj.com",
      "host": "bmjopen.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "by F Alele · 2020 · Cited by 84 — Heat stroke is a medical emergency.2 It is characterised by elevated core temperature of 40°C and above, central nervous system disturbances and multiorgan",
      "score": 0.29985347
    },
    {
      "number": 13,
      "title": "Exertional heat stroke: pathophysiology and risk factors | BMJ Medicine",
      "detail": "bmjmedicine.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/1/1/e000239",
      "authors": "bmjmedicine.bmj.com",
      "host": "bmjmedicine.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "Heat stroke is classified into two separate endotypes, referred to as classic heat stroke and exertional heat stroke (EHS). Classic heat stroke is induced by heat exposure in the absence of physical exertion.1 EHS is induced by vigorous physical activity performed normally, but not always,2 in hot o",
      "score": 0.28676856
    },
    {
      "number": 14,
      "title": "Ambient heat and risks of emergency department visits among adults in the United States: time stratified case crossover study",
      "detail": "www.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj-2021-065653",
      "authors": "www.bmj.com",
      "host": "www.bmj.com",
      "snippet": ". Cause-specific risk of hospital admission related to extreme heat in older adults. JAMA 2014;312:2659-67.doi:10.1001/jama.2014.15715.pmid:25536257\n\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar\n\n14.   ↵\n\n    1.   Gronlund CJ, \n    2.   Zanobetti A, \n    3.   Schwartz JD, \n    4.   Wellenius GA, \n    5.   O’",
      "score": 0.16506785
    },
    {
      "number": 15,
      "title": "Effects of heat: UK exercise Saif Sareea 3 and interpreting ...",
      "detail": "militaryhealth.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://militaryhealth.bmj.com/content/166/6/401",
      "authors": "militaryhealth.bmj.com",
      "host": "militaryhealth.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "by S White · 2020 · Cited by 8 — Heat stroke, traditionally defined as those with a core temperature above 40°C and central nervous system disturbance, would most likely cover those patients ...Read more",
      "score": 0.12593377
    },
    {
      "number": 16,
      "title": "Prehospital management of exertional heat stroke at sports ...",
      "detail": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/55/24/1405",
      "authors": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "host": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "by Y Hosokawa · 2021 · Cited by 76 — The current document outlines the steps that should be taken to properly identify, treat and manage athletes with suspected exertional heat stroke (EHS)",
      "score": 0.11382585
    },
    {
      "number": 17,
      "title": "Occupational heat-related illness risk screening protocols ...",
      "detail": "bmjpublichealth.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/2/e003128",
      "authors": "bmjpublichealth.bmj.com",
      "host": "bmjpublichealth.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "by W Elkhatib · 2025 — Heat-related illness (HRI) and its individual risk of development can range from heat exhaustion to heat stroke with symptoms including ...Read more",
      "score": 0.109753676
    },
    {
      "number": 18,
      "title": "IOC consensus statement on recommendations and regulations for sport events in the heat | British Journal of Sports Medicine",
      "detail": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/1/8",
      "authors": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "host": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "Medical providers should receive specific training on exertional heat stroke management including early recognition (eg, field of play supervision and finish line triage) and diagnosis (including rectal temperature assessment) as well as in the use of rapid on-site whole-body cooling (ie, cool first",
      "score": 0.09532438
    },
    {
      "number": 19,
      "title": "Gait instability and estimated core temperature predict ...",
      "detail": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/56/8/446",
      "authors": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "host": "bjsm.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "by M Buller · 2022 · Cited by 35 — Six soldiers were diagnosed with heat stroke and all had rectal temperatures of >41°C when first measured and were exhibiting CNS dysfunction. Estimated core ...Read more",
      "score": 0.086054444
    },
    {
      "number": 20,
      "title": "Impact of heat exposure on workers' health and safety",
      "detail": "oem.bmj.com",
      "url": "https://oem.bmj.com/content/82/11/563",
      "authors": "oem.bmj.com",
      "host": "oem.bmj.com",
      "snippet": "by X Guo · 2025 · Cited by 5 — This scoping review aimed to summarise global epidemiological evidence on health outcomes associated with occupational heat exposure, examine factors that may",
      "score": 0.052062023
    },
    {
      "number": 21,
      "title": "Heatstroke-induced coagulopathy: Biomarkers, ...",
      "detail": "www.thelancet.com",
      "url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(22)00006-2/fulltext",
      "authors": "www.thelancet.com",
      "host": "www.thelancet.com",
      "snippet": "by T Iba · 2022 · Cited by 115 — Heatstroke is a critical condition with high mortality characterized by an elevated core body temperature above 40.5 °C (> 105°F) accompanied by central nervous",
      "score": 0.21850295
    },
    {
      "number": 22,
      "title": "2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ ...",
      "detail": "www.jacc.org",
      "url": "https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.007",
      "authors": "www.jacc.org",
      "host": "www.jacc.org",
      "snippet": "### Intended Use\n\nClinical practice guidelines provide recommendations applicable to patients with or at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The focus is on medical practice in the United States, but these guidelines are relevant to patients throughout the world. Although guidelines may",
      "score": 0.19260046
    },
    {
      "number": 23,
      "title": "Proposing the VetCompass clinical grading tool for heat-related illness in dogs | Scientific Reports",
      "detail": "www.nature.com",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86235-w",
      "authors": "www.nature.com",
      "host": "www.nature.com",
      "snippet": "of HRI, whilst dogs that developed a body temperature > 44 °C all died of heat stroke. The longer a dog had a body temperature > 43 °C, the greater the likelihood of death. The previously proposed critical body temperature threshold of > 41 °C for diagnosis of HRI can therefore no longer be consider",
      "score": 0.5443418
    },
    {
      "number": 24,
      "title": "Impact of symptomatic comorbidities on heatstroke outcomes: A retrospective nationwide cohort study | Scientific Reports",
      "detail": "www.nature.com",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-37133-6",
      "authors": "www.nature.com",
      "host": "www.nature.com",
      "snippet": "### Similar content being viewed by others\n\n### Evaluation of heat warning thresholds with multiple lagged and cumulative health impacts based on a 20-year population database\n\nArticle\nOpen access\n01 February 2026\n\n### Development and validation of a prognostic model of survival for classic heatstro",
      "score": 0.46075046
    }
  ],
  "publishedAt": "2026-08-21T00:20:51.962703Z",
  "updatedAt": "2026-08-21T00:20:51.962703Z",
  "readingMinutes": 5,
  "slug": "heat-stroke"
}