{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "eyebrow": "Hematologic Oncology",
  "title": "Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma",
  "summary": "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma requires prompt tissue-confirmed classification, molecular risk assessment, stage-directed curative-intent therapy, and early referral for cellular therapy when relapse occurs within 12 months or disease is refractory.",
  "seoDescription": "Physician guide to DLBCL pathology, molecular testing, frontline pola-R-CHP, relapse timing, CAR T-cell therapy, and bispecific antibody selection.",
  "clinicalQuestion": "How should physicians classify, treat, and sequence therapy for newly diagnosed and relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?",
  "specialty": "Hematology-Oncology",
  "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees",
  "tags": [
    "DLBCL",
    "diffuse large B-cell lymphoma",
    "pola-R-CHP",
    "R-CHOP",
    "double-hit lymphoma",
    "CAR T-cell therapy",
    "bispecific antibody"
  ],
  "keyTakeaways": [
    "Establish DLBCL only when biopsy shows clearly delineated sheets of large B cells; do not assign the diagnosis from limited clinical or imaging findings alone. [6]",
    "Obtain MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangement testing as part of standard DLBCL workup because concurrent MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements identify a biologically high-risk group. [11][21]",
    "For previously untreated DLBCL with IPI 2-5, pola-R-CHP improved persistence of remission versus R-CHOP without a significant overall-survival difference in POLARIX. [4]",
    "Relapsed or refractory disease within 12 months of first-line therapy should trigger early CAR T-cell therapy evaluation; axicabtagene ciloleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel are used in this setting. [21]",
    "After at least two systemic lines, CD20×CD3 bispecific antibodies provide an outpatient-accessible option, particularly after or when ineligible for CAR T-cell therapy; CRS prevention and monitoring are integral to delivery. [19][20]"
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "diagnostic-confirmation",
      "eyebrow": "Diagnosis",
      "heading": "Confirm DLBCL and identify pathologic mimics before treatment",
      "intro": "A diagnostic delay is preferable to treating an incorrectly classified aggressive B-cell neoplasm.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Obtain an excisional lymph-node biopsy when feasible, or a sufficiently large core biopsy from the most metabolically active and accessible lesion. The diagnosis of DLBCL should be made only when pathology identifies clearly delineated sheets of large B cells. [6]",
        "Request integrated hematopathology review with B-cell immunophenotyping and assessment of CD10, BCL6, MUM1/IRF4, BCL2, MYC, CD5, cyclin D1, and CD23 when morphology or phenotype raises an alternative mature B-cell neoplasm. CD10, BCL6, MUM1/IRF4, BCL2, and MYC expression patterns help distinguish DLBCL from mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and other aggressive B-cell lymphomas, but immunophenotype alone does not establish the genetic high-grade category. [22]",
        "Specifically determine whether the presentation is de novo DLBCL or histologic transformation from an indolent B-cell lymphoma. Richter transformation represents conversion, usually to DLBCL, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DLBCL can also arise through transformation of follicular lymphoma. A documented antecedent indolent lymphoma changes prognostic framing and should prompt review of prior pathology and treatment exposure. [1][9]"
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Do not label MYC/BCL2 protein coexpression as double-hit lymphoma. MYC and BCL2 coexpression by immunohistochemistry carries adverse prognosis even without concurrent gene translocations, but rearrangement status requires cytogenetic testing. [10]",
        "If morphology is intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma, or clinical behavior is highly proliferative with elevated LDH, marrow involvement, and rapid progression, expand the evaluation for high-grade B-cell lymphoma rather than defaulting to DLBCL, not otherwise specified. [22]"
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Pathology findings that change DLBCL classification or the next diagnostic action. [6][10][11][22]",
        "columns": [
          "Finding",
          "Interpretation",
          "Next action"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "Clearly delineated sheets of large B cells",
            "Required morphologic basis for DLBCL diagnosis. [6]",
            "Proceed with integrated immunophenotypic and cytogenetic characterization. [6][11]"
          ],
          [
            "MYC and BCL2 protein coexpression",
            "Adverse prognostic feature; it does not prove MYC and BCL2 rearrangements. [10]",
            "Perform or confirm FISH-based rearrangement testing. [10][11]"
          ],
          [
            "MYC rearrangement plus BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangement",
            "Double-hit or triple-hit biology associated with poor outcomes after standard chemotherapy. [21]",
            "Document high-risk biology before finalizing the initial treatment plan and prioritize hematology-oncology management. [21]"
          ],
          [
            "CD5 positivity with cyclin D1 positivity",
            "Raises mantle cell lymphoma in the differential rather than DLBCL. [22]",
            "Correlate with morphology and evaluate for the characteristic BCL1-IGH rearrangement. [22]"
          ]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "staging-and-risk",
      "eyebrow": "Risk Assessment",
      "heading": "Stage promptly and use biology to identify patients needing early escalation",
      "intro": "Baseline disease extent and molecular risk determine urgency, treatment intensity discussions, and relapse planning.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Complete baseline staging with FDG-PET/CT and document extranodal disease, bulky disease, performance status, serum LDH, and International Prognostic Index. In POLARIX, bulky disease was defined as one or more lesions at least 7.5 cm in greatest diameter, and treatment randomization was stratified by IPI 2 versus 3-5 and bulk. [4]",
        "Treat MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangement assessment as a standard component of DLBCL workup. Double-hit and triple-hit lymphomas, defined by MYC rearrangement with BCL2, BCL6, or both rearrangements, have poor outcomes with standard chemotherapy and warrant early discussion at a center experienced in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. [11][21]",
        "Assess for central nervous system involvement at baseline when neurologic symptoms or signs are present, and recognize CNS involvement as a high-risk feature. CNS relapse has been reported in approximately 5% of DLBCL and is associated with poor outcomes; patients with CNS involvement or double-/triple-hit features may require an altered treatment approach rather than routine management. [19][24]"
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Record pretreatment cardiac function before anthracycline-containing therapy because both R-CHOP and pola-R-CHP include doxorubicin 50 mg/m² on day 1 of each of the first six cycles. [4]",
        "Document baseline blood counts before treatment and before cellular or T-cell-engaging therapy because prolonged cytopenias, infection, and bleeding risks can complicate later CAR T-cell or bispecific-antibody treatment. [18][20]"
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Baseline features with immediate implications for treatment planning. [4][11][19][21][24]",
        "columns": [
          "Feature",
          "Clinical implication",
          "Immediate planning step"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "IPI 2-5",
            "Matches the risk population enrolled in POLARIX. [4]",
            "Discuss pola-R-CHP as a frontline option when otherwise appropriate. [4]"
          ],
          [
            "Bulky lesion ≥7.5 cm",
            "High tumor burden variable used in frontline trial stratification. [4]",
            "Document on baseline imaging for response assessment and treatment planning. [4]"
          ],
          [
            "MYC with BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangement",
            "High-risk double-hit/triple-hit lymphoma with poor outcome after standard chemotherapy. [21]",
            "Complete expert pathology review and expedite specialist treatment planning. [11][21]"
          ],
          [
            "Neurologic findings or documented CNS involvement",
            "CNS disease is a high-risk feature; CNS relapse has poor outcomes. [19][24]",
            "Perform CNS-directed diagnostic assessment and do not rely on routine systemic treatment planning alone. [19]"
          ]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "frontline-treatment",
      "eyebrow": "Initial Therapy",
      "heading": "Use curative-intent anthracycline-based immunochemotherapy for appropriate newly diagnosed disease",
      "intro": "Frontline treatment selection should be finalized only after pathology, staging, cardiac assessment, and risk documentation.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "R-CHOP remains a curative-intent chemoimmunotherapy backbone for DLBCL. In the POLARIX trial, the comparator regimen comprised rituximab 375 mg/m², cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m², doxorubicin 50 mg/m², vincristine 1.4 mg/m² with a 2-mg maximum, and prednisone 100 mg orally once daily on days 1-5 for six 21-day cycles, followed by two further rituximab-containing cycles. [4]",
        "For previously untreated DLBCL with IPI 2-5, consider pola-R-CHP: polatuzumab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 plus rituximab 375 mg/m², cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m², doxorubicin 50 mg/m², and prednisone 100 mg orally on days 1-5, every 21 days for six cycles, followed by two additional rituximab-containing cycles. Polatuzumab replaces vincristine in this regimen. [4]",
        "POLARIX showed greater persistence of remission with pola-R-CHP than R-CHOP among patients achieving complete response, with a hazard ratio for relapse or death of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.50-0.98); overall survival did not differ significantly. Present this as a disease-control benefit rather than a demonstrated survival advantage. [4]",
        "Do not postpone first-line therapy while waiting for every molecular result when the patient has clinically aggressive disease, but ensure MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangement testing is in process before the treatment course is fixed. Patients with double-hit or triple-hit genetics have poor outcomes with standard chemotherapy and should be managed with early high-risk lymphoma input. [11][21]"
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Use prednisone 100 mg once daily on days 1-5 in both POLARIX treatment arms. [4]",
        "Avoid coadministration of vincristine with pola-R-CHP; the regimen was designed with placebo-matched vincristine in the R-CHOP arm and polatuzumab in the experimental arm. [4]",
        "Reassess with response imaging after planned therapy; persistent or progressive FDG-avid disease should prompt biopsy when feasible before committing to salvage or cellular therapy. This avoids treating inflammatory uptake or an alternative lymphoma process as relapsed DLBCL."
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Frontline POLARIX regimen components and comparative outcome. [4]",
        "columns": [
          "Regimen",
          "First six 21-day cycles",
          "Cycles 7-8",
          "Key trial result"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "Pola-R-CHP",
            "Polatuzumab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg IV, rituximab 375 mg/m² IV, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m² IV, doxorubicin 50 mg/m² IV on day 1; prednisone 100 mg orally days 1-5. [4]",
            "Rituximab-containing treatment continued. [4]",
            "More durable remission among complete responders; no significant overall-survival difference versus R-CHOP. [4]"
          ],
          [
            "R-CHOP",
            "Rituximab 375 mg/m² IV, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m² IV, doxorubicin 50 mg/m² IV, vincristine 1.4 mg/m² IV (maximum 2 mg) on day 1; prednisone 100 mg orally days 1-5. [4]",
            "Rituximab-containing treatment continued. [4]",
            "Comparator regimen in POLARIX. [4]"
          ]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "relapsed-refractory-disease",
      "eyebrow": "Relapse Management",
      "heading": "Sequence therapy by timing of failure, CAR T-cell eligibility, and need for rapid disease control",
      "intro": "Relapse within 12 months and later relapse represent different therapeutic decision points.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "At progression, obtain biopsy of an accessible active lesion when clinically feasible, particularly after a long remission, when imaging is discordant, or when transformation or an alternative process is plausible. Then classify the event by timing: refractory disease or relapse within 12 months of first-line treatment supports referral for second-line CAR T-cell therapy assessment; axicabtagene ciloleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel are used in this setting. [21]",
        "Refer early to a CAR T-cell center rather than exhausting multiple ineffective systemic regimens. Bridging chemoimmunotherapy or radiation therapy may be used to reduce tumor burden before CAR T-cell infusion, but treatment selection must preserve fitness for lymphodepletion and cellular therapy. [21]",
        "For relapsed or refractory DLBCL after at least two systemic lines, CD20×CD3 bispecific antibodies offer an important option for patients who previously received CAR T-cell therapy or are ineligible for or unable to receive it. Glofitamab is administered intravenously for a fixed duration of up to 12 21-day cycles, totaling 13 doses over 36 weeks, unless progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. [19]",
        "Epcoritamab is a subcutaneous, indefinite-duration treatment schedule: weekly for 3 months, then every 2 weeks for 6 months, with 24 doses over the initial 36 weeks; subsequent administration continues according to the treatment schedule until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Consider treatment logistics, expected adherence, cytopenias, infection risk, and local capability for cytokine-release syndrome management when choosing between a fixed-duration intravenous and ongoing subcutaneous strategy. [19][20]"
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "CAR T-cell therapy can cause cytokine-release syndrome within days of infusion, typically with fever, hypotension, and hypoxia; reported CRS incidence ranges from 42% to 93%, with grade 3 or higher events in about 8%. [18]",
        "Monitor for immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome after CAR T-cell therapy: confusion, aphasia, seizures, and rarely cerebral edema are reported; ICANS occurs in 14% to 40%, with grade 3 or higher events in approximately 11%. [18]",
        "Plan longitudinal surveillance for cytopenias, infection, and B-cell aplasia after CAR T-cell therapy or bispecific-antibody treatment; consider immunoglobulin replacement when clinically appropriate. [20]",
        "During epcoritamab initiation, prophylactic dexamethasone and hydration reduced cytokine-release syndrome rates and severity in reported long-term experience. [9]"
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Relapsed or refractory DLBCL treatment-selection framework. [18][19][20][21]",
        "columns": [
          "Clinical setting",
          "Preferred next action",
          "Key operational risk"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "Primary refractory disease or relapse within 12 months of first-line therapy",
            "Urgently evaluate for second-line CAR T-cell therapy, including axicabtagene ciloleucel or lisocabtagene maraleucel. [21]",
            "Disease control may require bridging therapy before infusion. [21]"
          ],
          [
            "High disease burden while awaiting CAR T-cell manufacturing or infusion",
            "Use individualized bridging chemoimmunotherapy or radiation therapy to lower tumor burden. [21]",
            "Avoid clinical deterioration that prevents lymphodepletion or infusion. [21]"
          ],
          [
            "At least two prior systemic lines; post-CAR T or not eligible for CAR T",
            "Consider glofitamab, a fixed-duration IV CD20×CD3 bispecific regimen. [19]",
            "Monitor for T-cell-engaging therapy toxicities and infectious complications. [19][20]"
          ],
          [
            "At least two prior systemic lines; need for subcutaneous ambulatory option",
            "Consider epcoritamab with weekly then every-2-week dosing. [19]",
            "Use CRS mitigation and monitor cytopenias and infection risk. [9][19][20]"
          ]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "monitoring-and-complications",
      "eyebrow": "Monitoring",
      "heading": "Monitor response and immunotherapy complications with predefined escalation triggers",
      "intro": "Post-treatment surveillance should focus on confirming relapse and detecting treatment-related immune and hematologic toxicity.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "After first-line immunochemotherapy, interpret residual or recurrent radiographic abnormalities in the context of clinical trajectory and obtain tissue confirmation when feasible before declaring relapse. This is particularly important when a new lesion emerges after a prolonged remission or when prior indolent lymphoma creates the possibility of recurrent low-grade disease rather than recurrent DLBCL.",
        "Following CAR T-cell therapy, evaluate fever, hypotension, or hypoxia immediately for cytokine-release syndrome and assess new confusion, aphasia, or seizure for ICANS. Severe CRS and neurotoxicity occur in a clinically meaningful minority of recipients, so treatment should be delivered with rapid access to experienced toxicity management and inpatient escalation. [18]",
        "Monitor complete blood counts and infectious complications beyond the immediate treatment period after CAR T-cell or bispecific-antibody therapy. Prolonged neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, B-cell aplasia, and infection risk may persist, and hypogammaglobulinemia may justify immunoglobulin replacement in selected patients. [18][20]"
      ],
      "bullets": [
        "Escalate urgently for fever with hypotension or hypoxia after CAR T-cell infusion because this pattern is characteristic of cytokine-release syndrome. [18]",
        "Escalate urgently for altered mental status, aphasia, convulsions, or suspected cerebral edema after CAR T-cell infusion because these may represent ICANS. [18]",
        "Track cytopenias and infections during the first six months after CAR T-cell therapy, when prolonged hematologic toxicity is common. [18]"
      ],
      "subsections": [],
      "table": {
        "caption": "Toxicity patterns requiring active surveillance after T-cell-engaging therapy. [18][20]",
        "columns": [
          "Therapy-associated complication",
          "Typical presentation or consequence",
          "Monitoring response"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            "Cytokine-release syndrome",
            "Within days after CAR T-cell infusion: fever, hypotension, and hypoxia; grade 3 or higher events occur in about 8%. [18]",
            "Assess vital signs promptly and escalate to an experienced cellular-therapy toxicity team. [18]"
          ],
          [
            "ICANS",
            "Confusion, aphasia, seizures, and rarely cerebral edema; grade 3 or higher events occur in approximately 11%. [18]",
            "Perform urgent neurologic assessment and manage through the cellular-therapy program. [18]"
          ],
          [
            "Prolonged cytopenias and B-cell aplasia",
            "Neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, infection, and possible hypogammaglobulinemia. [18][20]",
            "Follow blood counts and infections longitudinally; consider immunoglobulin replacement when appropriate. [20]"
          ]
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "faq": [],
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  "editorialNote": "Prepared from cited clinical literature using Astra's research workflow. Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.",
  "citations": [
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      "title": "Rituximab plus Lenalidomide in Advanced Untreated ...",
      "detail": "www.nejm.org",
      "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1805104",
      "authors": "www.nejm.org",
      "host": "www.nejm.org",
      "snippet": "by F Morschhauser · 2018 · Cited by 474 — Rituximab plus chemotherapy has been shown to be effective in patients with advanced-stage, clinically aggressive diffuse large B-cell",
      "score": 0.25419453
    },
    {
      "number": 3,
      "title": "Phase 3 Trial of Ibrutinib plus Rituximab in Waldenström's ...",
      "detail": "www.nejm.org",
      "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1802917",
      "authors": "www.nejm.org",
      "host": "www.nejm.org",
      "snippet": "by MA Dimopoulos · 2018 · Cited by 392 — A low rate of histologic transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was observed (in two patients in the ibrutinib–rituximab group and no",
      "score": 0.20206541
    },
    {
      "number": 4,
      "title": "Polatuzumab Vedotin in Previously Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma",
      "detail": "www.nejm.org",
      "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2115304",
      "authors": "www.nejm.org",
      "host": "www.nejm.org",
      "snippet": "Eight 21-day cycles of treatment were planned. During the first six cycles, patients received either pola-R-CHP or R-CHOP. On day 1 of each cycle, patients received either intravenous polatuzumab vedotin at a dose of 1.8 mg per kilogram of body weight and a placebo matching intravenous vincristine (",
      "score": 0.53065056
    },
    {
      "number": 5,
      "title": "Supplementary appendix",
      "detail": "www.thelancet.com",
      "url": "https://www.thelancet.com/cms/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30091-9/attachment/3873ff4c-9ffa-49cf-acdb-c21c1c918892/mmc1.pdf",
      "authors": "www.thelancet.com",
      "host": "www.thelancet.com",
      "snippet": "relapsed/refractory DLBCL, R-CHOP is also used in other NHL indications, including relapsed FL and mantle-cell lymphoma (Hauptrock and Hess 2008). Clinical",
      "score": 0.48147875
    },
    {
      "number": 6,
      "title": "A British Society of Haematology Guideline",
      "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjh.19064",
      "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "snippet": "by R Walewska · 2024 · Cited by 32 — a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma should only be made if clearly delineated sheets of large B cells are identified.",
      "score": 0.609455
    },
    {
      "number": 7,
      "title": "Publications - 2015 - Hematological Oncology",
      "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hon.2229",
      "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "snippet": "... relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Yet, the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases with age, with",
      "score": 0.5634506
    },
    {
      "number": 8,
      "title": "American Journal of Hematology | Blood Research Journal",
      "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajh.23372",
      "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "snippet": "by PL Zinzani · 2013 · Cited by 40 — diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The panel argued that for relapsed/refractory patients, treatment with radioimmunoconjugates is a therapeutic",
      "score": 0.54782754
    },
    {
      "number": 9,
      "title": "American Journal of Hematology | Blood Research Journal | Wiley Online Library",
      "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajh.27491",
      "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "snippet": "Conclusions: Epcoritamab drives deep responses beyond 2.5 y. Responses were sustained in patients with CR regardless of low or high baseline TMTV. Safety findings were consistent with prior reports. Prophylactic dexamethasone and hydration in C1 decreased rates and severity of CRS. These outcomes un",
      "score": 0.468621
    },
    {
      "number": 10,
      "title": "Article B-cell lymphomas with concurrent MYC and BCL2 ...",
      "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893395222034834",
      "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "host": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "snippet": "by S Li · 2015 · Cited by 114 — DLBCL patients with MYC and BCL2 coexpression shown by immunohistochemistry have a poor prognosis in the absence of concurrent MYC and BCL2 translocations.",
      "score": 0.56575525
    },
    {
      "number": 11,
      "title": "Research Article Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma/High ...",
      "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0893395225000067",
      "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "host": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "snippet": "by DH Kim · 2025 · Cited by 12 — The standard workup of cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) includes assessment for gene translocations, in particular MYC, BCL2, and BCL6, which",
      "score": 0.46249792
    },
    {
      "number": 12,
      "title": "Aggressive B-cell lymphomas: how many categories do we ...",
      "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893395222029970",
      "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "host": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "snippet": "by JW Said · 2013 · Cited by 87 — MYC immunohistochemistry is strongly positive in DLBCL with MYC translocations, be probed with MYC FISH. FISH detected a MYC translocation with the break apart",
      "score": 0.44637465
    },
    {
      "number": 13,
      "title": "Primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell ...",
      "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0344033816306264",
      "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "host": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "snippet": "by X Li · 2017 · Cited by 14 — By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 25–30% of PCNSLs harbor BCL6 abnormalities with rare alterations in MYC, BCL2, double-hit or triple-hit events.",
      "score": 0.3999997
    },
    {
      "number": 14,
      "title": "The Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative: Standardized                     Quantitative Radiomics for High-Throughput Image-based                     Phenotyping | Radiology",
      "detail": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "url": "https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiol.2020191145",
      "authors": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "host": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "snippet": "2 July 2025 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 15, No. 1\n\nCrossref\n\n   \nPrediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in triple negative breast cancer using MRI radiomics and clinical features \n\n       Yunyun Shen, \n       Renjun Huang, \n       Yinghui Zhang, \n       Jianguo Zhu, \n       Yonggang Li\n\n1 July ",
      "score": 0.47621483
    },
    {
      "number": 15,
      "title": "Imaging Primer on Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell ...",
      "detail": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "url": "https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/pdf/10.1148/rg.210065",
      "authors": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "host": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "snippet": "by PM de Groot · 2022 · Cited by 27 — T-cell therapy is now the standard of care for aggressive recurrent or refractory NHL—including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL),",
      "score": 0.3929895
    },
    {
      "number": 16,
      "title": "Breast Implant–associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma",
      "detail": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "url": "https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.2020190198",
      "authors": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "host": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "snippet": "by B Sharma · 2020 · Cited by 76 — NCCN Consensus Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Noninvasive monitoring of",
      "score": 0.3391493
    },
    {
      "number": 17,
      "title": "Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data",
      "detail": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "url": "https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiol.2015151169",
      "authors": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "host": "pubs.rsna.org",
      "snippet": "Ying Li, \n       Shuai Ju, \n       Xin Li, \n       Yan Li Zhou, \n       Jin Wei Qiang, \n       Matty Knight\n\n15 October 2021 | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 15, No. 10\n\nCrossref\n\n   \nAgent Repurposing for the Treatment of Advanced Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Based on Gene Expression",
      "score": 0.27879202
    },
    {
      "number": 18,
      "title": "Bispecific Antibodies Versus Chimeric Antigen Receptor T ...",
      "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12853145",
      "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "snippet": "Though CAR T‐cell therapy has enhanced outcomes for patients with DLBCL who have relapsed or refractory, it has been associated with severe and sometimes unexpected toxicities. The incidence of CRS ranges from 42% to 93%, with 8% (range: 3%–12%) experiencing severe (grade ≥ 3) CRS. Within days of in",
      "score": 0.6366926
    },
    {
      "number": 19,
      "title": "Practical Guidance for the Expanded Implementation and Provision of Bispecific Antibodies for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Across Canada",
      "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12384478",
      "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "snippet": "##  is the most common subtype of aggressive lymphoma . Although many patients are cured by effective front-line treatments (e.g., rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; R-CHOP or chemoimmunotherapy, CIT), morphologic and molecular heterogeneity drive high rates o",
      "score": 0.6058229
    },
    {
      "number": 20,
      "title": "Comprehensive Review of Early and Late Toxicities in CAR T-Cell Therapy and Bispecific Antibody Treatments for Hematologic Malignancies",
      "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11764151",
      "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "snippet": "### 3.5. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)\n\nDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is among the most common hematologic malignancies treated with CAR-T therapy. FDA-approved CAR-T products such as axicabtagene ciloleucel, tisagenlecleucel, and lisocabtagene maraleucel have demonstrated effectiven",
      "score": 0.5177909
    },
    {
      "number": 21,
      "title": "CAR-T Cell Therapy in Large B Cell Lymphoma",
      "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10631715",
      "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "snippet": "Axi-Cel and Lisa-Cel for DLBCL patients with refractory disease or relapsed within 12 months of first-line treatment. In the BELINDA study, the Tisa-Cel arm included a higher proportion of patients with intermediate or higher IPI scores and double-hit lymphoma compared to the SOC arm (65.4% vs 57.5%",
      "score": 0.4709562
    },
    {
      "number": 22,
      "title": "B Cell Lymphoma Cell - an overview",
      "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/b-cell-lymphoma-cell",
      "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "host": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "snippet": "in 50%–80% of the cases, and about 30%–40% of the cases are MYC-positive. Approximately one-third of the cases express CD10, 70% express BCL6, and 50% are positive for MUM1/IRF4; unlike normal B cells, DLBCL frequently coexpresses BCL6 and MUM1. [...] #### High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma\n\nHigh-grade B-ce",
      "score": 0.39887524
    },
    {
      "number": 23,
      "title": "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up",
      "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923753419471846",
      "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "host": "www.sciencedirect.com",
      "snippet": "Skip to main contentSkip to article\n\nImage 2: Elsevier logo\n\n   Journals & Books\n\n   Help   \n   Search \n\nMy account\n\nSign in\n\n   ViewPDF\n   Download full issue\n\nSearch ScienceDirect \n\nImage 3: Elsevier\n\n## Annals of Oncology\n\nVolume 26, Supplement 5, September 2015, Pages v116-v125\n\nImage 4: Annals ",
      "score": 0.37216341
    },
    {
      "number": 24,
      "title": "E‐POSTERS - 2021 - Hematological Oncology",
      "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hon.2880",
      "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com",
      "snippet": "Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent type of lymphoma. Despite its high cure rate, 30–40% of cases exhibit relapsed or refractory disease which frequently precludes a dismal prognosis. For this reason, new therapies are being actively investigated for the treatment of DLBCL, su",
      "score": 0.4751919
    }
  ],
  "publishedAt": "2026-08-21T02:12:47.518334+00:00",
  "updatedAt": "2026-08-21T02:12:47.518334+00:00",
  "readingMinutes": 7,
  "slug": "diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma"
}