{ "schemaVersion": 2, "eyebrow": "Pediatrics", "title": "Child Abuse and Neglect", "summary": "Child abuse and neglect require prompt recognition, meticulous medical assessment, protection-focused communication, and reporting under applicable law. Clinicians should distinguish medical mimics from concerning injury patterns while avoiding delay in safeguarding, multidisciplinary evaluation, and referral for ongoing physical and mental health needs.", "seoDescription": "Evidence-informed approach to recognizing, evaluating, documenting, reporting, and preventing child abuse and neglect in U.S. clinical practice.", "clinicalQuestion": "How should U.S. clinicians recognize, evaluate, document, report, and coordinate care for suspected child abuse or neglect?", "specialty": "Pediatrics", "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees", "tags": [ "child maltreatment", "child physical abuse", "child neglect", "mandatory reporting", "suspected abuse", "child protection" ], "keyTakeaways": [ "Child maltreatment includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional or psychological maltreatment, and neglect; neglect is the most prevalent form. [19][21]", "Treat concern for maltreatment as a safeguarding problem as well as a diagnostic problem: assess immediate safety, document objective findings, and activate local child-protection and multidisciplinary pathways without waiting for diagnostic certainty. [9][22]", "Risk factors occur across individual, family or relationship, community, and societal levels; they increase risk but are not proof that maltreatment occurred. [24]", "A medical evaluation should account for alternative diagnoses and accidental mechanisms while using a structured history, examination, targeted testing, and appropriate specialist consultation. [9][12]", "Suspected maltreatment can have enduring physical, mental health, and social consequences, supporting coordinated follow-up after the acute encounter. [20]" ], "sections": [ { "id": "clinical-priorities", "eyebrow": "Point of care", "heading": "Immediate clinical priorities in suspected maltreatment", "intro": "Prioritize safety, objective assessment, and coordinated escalation.", "paragraphs": [ "Child abuse and neglect can affect children of all ages, with the highest incidence in infants and toddlers. [9] The four commonly recognized categories are physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional or psychological maltreatment, and neglect. [19][21] The clinical task is not to establish perpetrator culpability; it is to identify possible harm, assess medical and safety needs, preserve an accurate record, and connect the child with the required protective response. [9][22]", "When concern arises, determine whether the child has urgent injury, acute medical needs, or an unsafe disposition. Use the institution’s child protection team, social work, forensic specialists, and local reporting pathway early. WHO guidance frames the health-sector role around recognition of violence and neglect, evidence-based first-line support, and linkage with other services. [22]" ], "bullets": [ "Obtain a history that records the reported mechanism, timing, symptom evolution, prior injuries or care, witnesses, and the source of each statement; distinguish direct quotations from clinician interpretation. [9]", "Perform and document a complete, age-appropriate examination, including injuries and findings potentially relevant to neglect, while considering accidental injury and medical alternatives. [9][12]", "Use local protocols for photographs, body diagrams, forensic evidence handling, reporting, and protective disposition; these operational details vary by jurisdiction and are not specified in the supplied sources." ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-approach", "eyebrow": "Assessment", "heading": "Approach to possible physical abuse or neglect", "intro": "Use a structured evaluation rather than a single finding or social risk factor.", "paragraphs": [ "A credible assessment integrates the history, developmental capabilities, physical findings, medical and family context, and appropriate diagnostic testing. [9] Guidelines for suspected physical abuse emphasize clinical approaches and competencies, while a recent review notes important gaps and variability across clinical practice guidelines. [12][14] Therefore, clinicians should follow a current local child-abuse pathway and obtain child-abuse pediatrics consultation when available.", "Do not use risk factors as diagnostic criteria. CDC describes risk and protective factors at individual, relationship or family, community, and societal levels and emphasizes that risk factors may increase likelihood but may not be direct causes. [24] Conversely, absence of recognized risk factors does not exclude maltreatment.", "Neglect may coexist with physical, sexual, or emotional maltreatment. It is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment and may produce medical, developmental, behavioral, or unmet-care concerns that require assessment in context. [19][20] Oral findings and dental neglect can also be relevant; the AAP has issued revised guidance addressing oral aspects of abuse and dental neglect. [18]" ], "subsections": [ { "heading": "Testing and consultation", "paragraphs": [ "The supplied sources do not provide validated test thresholds, imaging protocols, or age-specific testing sequences. Do not infer that absence of a particular test in this review excludes a workup. Use current institutional and specialty guidance to select laboratory studies, imaging, and subspecialty evaluation based on age, injury type, reported mechanism, examination findings, and concern for occult injury. [9][12][14]" ], "bullets": [ "Consult child-abuse pediatrics or an equivalent multidisciplinary service when diagnostic uncertainty, forensic documentation needs, complex medical differential diagnosis, or protective-disposition concerns are present. [9][22]", "In possible sexual abuse, involve clinicians with appropriate expertise; published guidance identifies required competencies and recommended clinical approaches for medical care of children who may have been sexually abused. [13]" ] } ], "table": { "caption": "Clinical information that should be separated in the record to support medical assessment and safeguarding. [9][22]", "columns": [ "Record element", "Clinical purpose" ], "rows": [ [ "Reported history and source of each statement", "Preserves the account, timing, and stated mechanism separately from clinician assessment. [9]" ], [ "Objective examination findings", "Supports comparison with the history and serial assessment. [9]" ], [ "Differential diagnosis and targeted evaluation", "Ensures medical mimics and accidental mechanisms are considered alongside maltreatment. [9][12]" ], [ "Safety assessment and consultations", "Documents immediate protection needs and multidisciplinary coordination. [22]" ], [ "Actions taken under local policy", "Records reporting, referral, and disposition actions without substituting clinician judgment for investigative findings. [9][22]" ] ] } }, { "id": "communication-documentation-reporting", "eyebrow": "Safeguarding", "heading": "Communication, documentation, and reporting", "intro": "Be neutral, specific, trauma-informed, and safety focused.", "paragraphs": [ "Use nonaccusatory language with caregivers and avoid promises about confidentiality that conflict with mandatory reporting or safety obligations. Explain the medical need to evaluate injuries or unmet needs and, when safe and appropriate, clarify that clinicians may need to involve protective services. The evidence supplied supports a first-line health-sector response and linkage to protective services but does not specify state-by-state reporting thresholds or procedures. [22][23]", "Document facts rather than conclusions beyond the evidence: observed findings, measurements, quoted explanations, who supplied the history, diagnostic uncertainty, consultations, and disposition rationale. Avoid using social risk factors alone to label a child or caregiver; these factors are not direct evidence of abuse or neglect. [24]", "In U.S. practice, clinicians should know their state and institutional mandatory-reporting requirements and follow their local process promptly when suspicion meets the applicable threshold. Because reporting statutes, designated agencies, and documentation requirements differ by jurisdiction, this article cannot provide a uniform legal threshold from the supplied sources. [16]" ], "bullets": [ "Separate a caregiver’s explanation from the clinician’s assessment; use quotation marks for material statements. [9]", "Do not conduct investigative interviews beyond the information needed for medical care and immediate safety; coordinate with specialized teams when available. The supplied sources support multidisciplinary care but do not provide a detailed forensic interview protocol. [9][22]", "Arrange a safe disposition before discharge when concern remains; use hospital social work, child protection services, and local emergency pathways as indicated. [22]" ] }, { "id": "care-after-disclosure-or-identification", "eyebrow": "Management", "heading": "Care after identification or disclosure", "intro": "Medical stabilization is only one component of care.", "paragraphs": [ "Children affected by maltreatment may have short- and long-term physical, mental health, and social consequences. [20] After acute evaluation, arrange follow-up that addresses injuries, missed preventive or chronic care, developmental concerns, psychological symptoms, and family support needs. The appropriate mix of pediatric, mental health, dental, social-service, and specialty follow-up depends on the maltreatment type and clinical findings. [18][20][22]", "For sexual abuse concerns, specialized medical care is important because evaluation requires specific clinical approaches and competencies. [13] The supplied evidence does not support a medication regimen, prophylaxis protocol, or forensic testing timetable; use current local sexual-assault and child-abuse protocols for those decisions." ], "bullets": [ "Reassess medical needs and ensure reliable follow-up after the initial encounter. [20][22]", "Address oral health and possible dental neglect through appropriate dental referral when relevant. [18]", "Coordinate care across medical and child-protection systems while maintaining clear roles: clinicians diagnose and treat medical conditions, whereas investigative agencies determine legal findings. [9][22]" ] }, { "id": "prevention", "eyebrow": "Prevention", "heading": "Prevention through risk reduction and protective supports", "intro": "Prevention is multilevel and should not stigmatize families.", "paragraphs": [ "CDC describes child abuse and neglect as arising from interacting factors across individual, relationship, community, and societal levels. [24] Clinical prevention should therefore identify modifiable stressors and unmet needs, strengthen caregiver and social supports, and connect families with community resources without treating risk factors as proof of maltreatment. [24]", "CDC maintains resources and federal data sources, including the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, which collects and analyzes information known to U.S. child protective services agencies. [23] These surveillance data can inform population-level prevention and local service planning but do not determine whether maltreatment occurred in an individual patient. [23]" ], "bullets": [ "Ask about practical barriers to safe caregiving and access to health care, then link families to appropriate supports when needs are identified. [24]", "Use a strengths-based approach: protective factors can decrease risk, and prevention opportunities exist beyond the individual child or caregiver. [24]", "Maintain vigilance in infants and toddlers, the age groups identified as having the highest incidence of child abuse. [9]" ] } ], "faq": [ { "question": "Are social risk factors sufficient to diagnose child abuse or neglect?", "answer": "No. CDC states that risk factors may increase the likelihood of victimization or perpetration but may not be direct causes. They should prompt supportive assessment and prevention efforts, not substitute for clinical evaluation of the child. [24]" }, { "question": "What is the clinician’s role when maltreatment is suspected?", "answer": "The clinician’s role is to assess and treat medical needs, document objective findings and reported history, evaluate plausible alternatives, assess immediate safety, and activate reporting and multidisciplinary pathways required by local policy and law. [9][22]" }, { "question": "Should clinicians wait for definitive proof before involving child-protection resources?", "answer": "No. The supplied guidance emphasizes recognition, first-line support, and linkage to services. Reporting thresholds are jurisdiction-specific; follow state law and institutional policy rather than delaying action while seeking definitive proof. [22][16]" }, { "question": "How should possible dental neglect be addressed?", "answer": "Consider oral and dental findings within the full medical and social context, document them objectively, and arrange appropriate dental evaluation. The AAP has published revised guidance on oral manifestations of abuse and dental neglect. [18]" } ], "references": [ { "number": 1, "title": "209229Orig1s000 - accessdata.fda.gov", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2018/209229Orig1s000MultidisciplineR.pdf", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov" }, { "number": 2, "title": "203202Orig1s000 - accessdata.fda.gov", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/203202Orig1s000AdminCorres.pdf", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov" }, { "number": 3, "title": "Pediatric Advisory Committee September 20, 2018 Meeting ...", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/125627/download", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov" }, { "number": 4, "title": "ACIPHEX SPRINKLES Safety and Drug Utilization Review", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/PediatricAdvisoryCommittee/UCM494315.pdf", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov" }, { "number": 5, "title": "213983Orig1s000 CLINICAL REVIEW(S) - accessdata.fda.gov", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/213983Orig1s000MedR.pdf", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov" }, { "number": 6, "title": "205266Orig1s000 - accessdata.fda.gov", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205266Orig1s000OtherR.pdf", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov" }, { "number": 7, "title": "FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) ...", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/157563/download", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov" }, { "number": 8, "title": "center for drug evaluation and research", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/121194/download", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov" }, { "number": 9, "title": "Child abuse - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US", "detail": "bestpractice.bmj.com", "url": "https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/846", "authors": "bestpractice.bmj.com", "host": "bestpractice.bmj.com" }, { "number": 10, "title": "protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis", "detail": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/11/e064603", "authors": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "host": "bmjopen.bmj.com" }, { "number": 11, "title": "Cohort analysis of child abuse and neglect cases treated ...", "detail": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/7/e071536", "authors": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "host": "bmjopen.bmj.com" }, { "number": 12, "title": "Guidelines for Diagnosis of Child Physical Abuse—Let's ...", "detail": "jamanetwork.com", "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2786208", "authors": "jamanetwork.com", "host": "jamanetwork.com" }, { "number": 13, "title": "Guidelines for Medical Care of Children Who May Have ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1083318806002749", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 14, "title": "Clinical care of childhood sexual abuse: a systematic ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666776224000346", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 15, "title": "Child abuse and neglect: Are future medical doctors ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1344622322000888", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 16, "title": "To Report or Not to Report: Examination of the Initial ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285911002270", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 17, "title": "Childhood abuse v. neglect and risk for major... : Psychological Medicine", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/00006826-202406000-00013", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com" }, { "number": 18, "title": "AAP report provides guidance on evaluating oral and ...", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/29657/AAP-report-provides-guidance-on-evaluating-oral", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org" }, { "number": 19, "title": "102: Child Abuse and Neglect", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/aapbooks/book/676/chapter/8137627/Child-Abuse-and-Neglect", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org" }, { "number": 20, "title": "Physical Abuse and Neglect (Chapter 367)", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/pediatriccare/book/348/chapter/5789613/Physical-Abuse-and-Neglect-Chapter-367", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org" }, { "number": 21, "title": "Providers Assessing Child Abuse and Neglect", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/pediatricsinreview/article/43/7/408/188316/Providers-Assessing-Child-Abuse-and-Neglect", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org" }, { "number": 22, "title": "WHO Guidelines for the health sector response to child maltreatment", "detail": "www.who.int", "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-guidelines-for-the-health-sector-response-to-child-maltreatment", "authors": "www.who.int", "host": "www.who.int" }, { "number": 23, "title": "Resources | Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention | CDC", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/child-abuse-neglect/communication-resources/index.html", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov" }, { "number": 24, "title": "Risk and Protective Factors | Child Abuse and Neglect ...", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/child-abuse-neglect/risk-factors/index.html", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov" } ], "editorialNote": "Prepared from cited clinical literature using Astra's research workflow. Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.", "citations": [ { "number": 1, "title": "209229Orig1s000 - accessdata.fda.gov", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2018/209229Orig1s000MultidisciplineR.pdf", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "snippet": "DAAAP held an AC meeting on 3/27/18 to discuss mainly the results of the two pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials (3002 and 3003) and the similarity in efficacy results and differences in toxicity between the two dose levels, 2.4 mg/day and 3.2 mg/day. Most preferred the 2.4 mg/day dose to limit to mitig", "score": 0.5806618 }, { "number": 2, "title": "203202Orig1s000 - accessdata.fda.gov", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/203202Orig1s000AdminCorres.pdf", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "snippet": "was sufficient to determine impact of creatinine clearance. Provide estimates of the contribution of glomerular filtration and net tubular secretion or re-absorption to the renal excretion of the drug of interest. Indicate whether plasma protein binding of the active moieties is significantly altere", "score": 0.25974628 }, { "number": 3, "title": "Pediatric Advisory Committee September 20, 2018 Meeting ...", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/125627/download", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov", "snippet": "be 8 updated to mitigate the risk of renal toxicity in 9 pediatric patients, and I'll briefly highlight 10 some of these areas in my remaining slides. 11 As Dr. Waldron mentioned, post-12 marketing reports prompted FDA to add a box 13 warning to deferasirox labeling in 2010. The box 14 warning cauti", "score": 0.24880376 }, { "number": 4, "title": "ACIPHEX SPRINKLES Safety and Drug Utilization Review", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/PediatricAdvisoryCommittee/UCM494315.pdf", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov", "snippet": "female experienced impairment of renal function after taking an overdose of rabeprazole along with multiple other medications. The patient had a history of abuse and neglect since her childhood, and she visited a psychiatric clinic on an irregular basis. The patient was found after having a fall and", "score": 0.18541595 }, { "number": 5, "title": "213983Orig1s000 CLINICAL REVIEW(S) - accessdata.fda.gov", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/213983Orig1s000MedR.pdf", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "snippet": "of one 50-mg FCT. They also intend to keep the 10-mg FCT tablet to support pediatric dosing for the 14 to <20 kg weight band (i.e., 40 mg QD using 4 x 10-mg FCTs), although the Prescribing Information will recommend that children in this weight band use the DT formulation if possible. [...] Up to 12", "score": 0.17672874 }, { "number": 6, "title": "205266Orig1s000 - accessdata.fda.gov", "detail": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205266Orig1s000OtherR.pdf", "authors": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "host": "www.accessdata.fda.gov", "snippet": "Comment: Periods are inconsistently placed (either before or after reference). Applicant will be instructed to use one convention throughout the labeling to be consistent. YES YES YES NO YES YES Reference ID: 3663517 Selected Requirements of Prescribing Information SRPI version 4: May 2014 Page 4 of", "score": 0.17511481 }, { "number": 7, "title": "FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) ...", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/157563/download", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov", "snippet": "16 NORD is extremely concerned about FDA's 17 findings in this important report. It is unacceptable 18 that roughly one-third of all orphan products that 19 warranted it had inadequate labeling and one-quarter 20 failed to contain any pediatric labeling at all. NORD 21 55 www.transcriptionetc.com re", "score": 0.16273929 }, { "number": 8, "title": "center for drug evaluation and research", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/121194/download", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov", "snippet": "at the time 2 of prescribing, and this doesn't mean just rattling 3 off a list of possible adverse effects, but helping 4 kids understand what are the riskiest problems and 5 how to avoid those problems. And I would also 6 suggest that that's something we need to do for all 7 patients, not just adol", "score": 0.10124257 }, { "number": 9, "title": "Child abuse - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US", "detail": "bestpractice.bmj.com", "url": "https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/846", "authors": "bestpractice.bmj.com", "host": "bestpractice.bmj.com", "snippet": "open menu\n\nWhen viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.\n\n# Child abuse\n\nEpidemiology\n\nEtiology\n\nCase history\n\nApproach\n\nHistory and exam\n\nTests\n\nDifferentials\n\nApproach", "score": 0.34448805 }, { "number": 10, "title": "protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis", "detail": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/11/e064603", "authors": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "host": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "snippet": "by H Tamon · 2022 · Cited by 3 — (I) Psychological and educational interventions that aim to prevent child abuse and/or neglect will be considered. Psychological interventions are defined as '", "score": 0.29229772 }, { "number": 11, "title": "Cohort analysis of child abuse and neglect cases treated ...", "detail": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/7/e071536", "authors": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "host": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "snippet": "by EA Mora-Theuer · 2023 · Cited by 5 — Objective To describe characteristics of suspected child abuse and neglect (CAN) cases associated with the decision of paediatric departments (PDs) in", "score": 0.21792817 }, { "number": 12, "title": "Guidelines for Diagnosis of Child Physical Abuse—Let's ...", "detail": "jamanetwork.com", "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2786208", "authors": "jamanetwork.com", "host": "jamanetwork.com", "snippet": "by P Boileau · 2021 · Cited by 3 — The World Health Organization considers child maltreatment an international priority and currently develops a vast program of child physical", "score": 0.20244355 }, { "number": 13, "title": "Guidelines for Medical Care of Children Who May Have ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1083318806002749", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "by JA Adams · 2007 · Cited by 223 — The guidelines presented here reflect the current knowledge, recommended clinical approaches, and required competencies in the field of child sexual abuse", "score": 0.3650723 }, { "number": 14, "title": "Clinical care of childhood sexual abuse: a systematic ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666776224000346", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "by G Otterman · 2024 · Cited by 26 — A 2021 systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for diagnosing child physical abuse in high-income countries revealed significant gaps in", "score": 0.34601128 }, { "number": 15, "title": "Child abuse and neglect: Are future medical doctors ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1344622322000888", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "by F Lupariello · 2022 · Cited by 24 — The first 12 questions were focused on child sexual abuse, physical maltreatment, and neglect (Table 1); they consisted of multiple-choice answers (five) but ...Read more", "score": 0.2570725 }, { "number": 16, "title": "To Report or Not to Report: Examination of the Initial ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285911002270", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "by R Sege · 2011 · Cited by 69 — Mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect ... Resilience in the context of child maltreatment: Connections to the practice of mandatory reporting.Read more", "score": 0.21958044 }, { "number": 17, "title": "Childhood abuse v. neglect and risk for major... : Psychological Medicine", "detail": "journals.lww.com", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/00006826-202406000-00013", "authors": "journals.lww.com", "host": "journals.lww.com", "snippet": "Independent t tests for age showed significant differences between CM groups. Neglect and combined CM groups were significantly older (t = 7.44, p < 0.01 and t = 4.31, p < 0.01) and the abuse group was significantly younger (t = 2.77, p = 0.01) than individuals without CM. Compared to the control gr", "score": 0.51457167 }, { "number": 18, "title": "AAP report provides guidance on evaluating oral and ...", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/29657/AAP-report-provides-guidance-on-evaluating-oral", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org", "snippet": "A revised AAP clinical report reviews the oral aspects of abuse and dental neglect in children and provides guidance on how pediatricians,", "score": 0.629889 }, { "number": 19, "title": "102: Child Abuse and Neglect", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/aapbooks/book/676/chapter/8137627/Child-Abuse-and-Neglect", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org", "snippet": "Child maltreatment encompasses neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological maltreatment. Neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatm.", "score": 0.50168514 }, { "number": 20, "title": "Physical Abuse and Neglect (Chapter 367)", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/pediatriccare/book/348/chapter/5789613/Physical-Abuse-and-Neglect-Chapter-367", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org", "snippet": "The abuse and neglect (maltreatment) of children are pervasive problems, with short- and long-term physical and mental health and social consequences.1, 2.", "score": 0.43438992 }, { "number": 21, "title": "Providers Assessing Child Abuse and Neglect", "detail": "publications.aap.org", "url": "https://publications.aap.org/pediatricsinreview/article/43/7/408/188316/Providers-Assessing-Child-Abuse-and-Neglect", "authors": "publications.aap.org", "host": "publications.aap.org", "snippet": "Jul 1, 2022 — The 4 types of child maltreatment are physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ...Read more", "score": 0.39061585 }, { "number": 22, "title": "WHO Guidelines for the health sector response to child maltreatment", "detail": "www.who.int", "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-guidelines-for-the-health-sector-response-to-child-maltreatment", "authors": "www.who.int", "host": "www.who.int", "snippet": "World Health Organization\nWorld Health Organization\nAfrica\nAmericas\nSouth-East Asia\nEurope\nEastern Mediterranean\nWestern Pacific\nHome\n\n# WHO Guidelines for the health sector response to child maltreatment\n\nTechnical Report\n\nWHO Guidelines for the health sector response to child maltreatment\n\n### Ove", "score": 0.21735452 }, { "number": 23, "title": "Resources | Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention | CDC", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/child-abuse-neglect/communication-resources/index.html", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov", "snippet": "### Other federal data sources\n\nNational Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS): NCANDS is a federally sponsored effort that annually collects and analyzes data on child abuse and neglect known to child protective services (CPS) agencies in the United States. Case-level data include informatio", "score": 0.22916451 }, { "number": 24, "title": "Risk and Protective Factors | Child Abuse and Neglect ...", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/child-abuse-neglect/risk-factors/index.html", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov", "snippet": "A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.\n\nA lock ( ) or means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.\n\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Pro", "score": 0.20837253 } ], "publishedAt": "2026-08-21T00:35:25.903448+00:00", "updatedAt": "2026-08-21T00:35:25.903448+00:00", "readingMinutes": 5, "slug": "child-abuse-and-neglect" }