{ "schemaVersion": 2, "eyebrow": "Psychiatry", "title": "Acute Stress Disorder", "summary": "Diagnose acute stress disorder only after a qualifying trauma when clinically impairing symptoms persist 3 days to less than 1 month; exclude intoxication, medical causes, and competing psychiatric disorders, address safety, and reassess for PTSD after 1 month.", "seoDescription": "Acute stress disorder diagnosis, differential evaluation, safety assessment, early trauma-focused care, and transition to PTSD management for clinicians.", "clinicalQuestion": "How should clinicians diagnose, triage, and manage acute stress disorder during the first month after trauma?", "specialty": "Psychiatry", "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees", "tags": [ "acute stress disorder", "trauma", "PTSD prevention", "dissociation", "trauma-focused psychotherapy", "ASD assessment" ], "keyTakeaways": [ "Diagnose ASD only when symptoms follow a qualifying traumatic event, last at least 3 days but less than 1 month, cause clinically significant distress or impairment, and are not attributable to substances, a medical condition, or another mental disorder. [20]", "ASD and PTSD have substantial symptom overlap; persistence beyond 1 month shifts the diagnostic question to PTSD. [22]", "Use screening instruments to identify patients needing assessment, but establish diagnosis through a trauma-informed clinical evaluation that integrates history, mental status examination, collateral information, and assessment of medical or substance-related causes. [19][20][22]", "Assess suicide risk, violence risk, psychosis, severe dissociation, intoxication or withdrawal, delirium, and inability to maintain basic safety before initiating outpatient-oriented trauma care. [20]", "For immediate post-trauma PTSD prevention, VA/DoD guidance finds insufficient evidence to recommend for or against psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy; avoid presenting early intervention as proven prophylaxis. [6]" ], "sections": [ { "id": "triage-and-safety", "eyebrow": "First encounter", "heading": "Stabilize immediate safety before assigning ASD", "intro": "Acute distress after trauma may coexist with psychiatric, neurologic, toxicologic, or medical instability.", "paragraphs": [ "At first contact, determine whether the patient can be managed in a routine outpatient setting. Perform a focused mental status examination and directly assess suicidal ideation, self-harm intent, homicidal ideation, psychosis, severe agitation, gross disorganization, dissociation that compromises orientation or self-care, and capacity to maintain food, shelter, medication access, and personal safety. Escalate to emergency psychiatric or medical evaluation when these findings prevent safe outpatient management. [20][22]", "Do not attribute altered awareness, derealization, depersonalization, memory gaps, autonomic symptoms, or agitation automatically to trauma. Establish the temporal relationship to the event; review prescribed drugs, alcohol and other substance exposure, withdrawal risk, head injury, pain, sleep deprivation, and medical illness. ASD requires that symptoms not be better explained by a substance, medical condition, or another mental disorder. [20][22]", "Use trauma-informed interviewing: explain the purpose of questioning, ask permission before eliciting event details, permit breaks, and obtain collateral only with appropriate consent or when needed for imminent safety. A complete assessment may require more than one session and can integrate self-report tools, records, structured interviews, and collateral information. [19]" ], "bullets": [ "Same-day emergency evaluation: imminent self-harm or violence risk, psychosis, delirium or fluctuating consciousness, medically concerning intoxication or withdrawal, or inability to maintain basic safety. [20]", "Document trauma timing, symptom onset, functional impairment, substance and medication exposure, prior psychiatric history, current safety assessment, and disposition rationale. [19][20]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Initial branch points for acute trauma-related symptoms. [20][22]", "columns": [ "Finding", "Interpretation", "Next action" ], "rows": [ [ "Symptoms within 3 days of trauma", "Does not meet ASD duration criterion. [20]", "Address safety, medical needs, and acute distress; reassess if clinically impairing symptoms persist. [20]" ], [ "Symptoms 3 days to <1 month after qualifying trauma", "ASD is possible if symptom, impairment, and exclusion criteria are met. [20]", "Complete diagnostic assessment and initiate a safety-focused follow-up plan. [19][20]" ], [ "Trauma-related syndrome persists >1 month", "Evaluate for PTSD rather than ASD. [22]", "Perform formal PTSD assessment and arrange evidence-based PTSD treatment planning. [22]" ], [ "Symptoms better explained by intoxication, withdrawal, medical illness, or another mental disorder", "ASD exclusion criterion is not met. [20][22]", "Treat or evaluate the alternative cause while continuing trauma-informed care. [20]" ] ] } }, { "id": "diagnostic-assessment", "eyebrow": "Diagnosis", "heading": "Confirm the time-limited trauma syndrome and functional impact", "intro": "The diagnosis is clinical; instruments support detection and longitudinal measurement rather than replace evaluation.", "paragraphs": [ "Confirm exposure to a qualifying traumatic event, then establish a symptom interval of at least 3 days and less than 1 month. The syndrome must cause clinically significant distress or impairment and must not be attributable to a substance, medical condition, or another mental disorder. These timing and exclusion rules separate ASD from expected acute stress responses, toxic-metabolic syndromes, and PTSD. [20][22]", "Elicit the dominant trauma-related pattern: intrusive recollections or dreams, avoidance, negative mood, dissociative symptoms, and arousal or reactivity. DSM-5-related trauma assessment recognizes four symptom domains—reexperiencing, avoidance, arousal, and persistent negative alterations in cognition and mood—rather than relying on fear, helplessness, or horror as a required emotional response. [19]", "Assess impairment concretely: missed work or school, inability to drive or use public transportation, sleep loss affecting performance, avoidance of needed medical care, inability to remain alone, or deterioration in caregiving. This converts a symptom inventory into the required clinical judgment about severity and disposition. [20][22]" ], "bullets": [ "Adult symptom measures: the Acute Stress Disorder Scale is a validated self-report measure; the Acute Stress Disorder Interview can support assessment in high-volume settings. [20]", "Child assessment: the Child Stress Disorders Checklist provides a brief assessment of ASD and PTSD symptoms in children. [20]", "Diagnostic assessment: integrate self-report, record review, clinical interview, mental status examination, and collateral information when indicated. [19][22]" ], "subsections": [ { "heading": "Use screening tools as triage tools", "paragraphs": [ "A positive self-report screen should trigger diagnostic assessment, not automatic labeling. Screening tests identify people with a higher probability of illness who may benefit from comprehensive evaluation; the PTSD Checklist has been widely used for clinical screening and symptom tracking, while clinician-administered structured interviews remain the reference approach for diagnostic ascertainment. [13][15][21]", "If PTSD is suspected at or after the 1-month threshold, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale is a structured interview that assesses PTSD symptoms and social and occupational impact; in the cited DSM-IV version, administration required approximately 45 to 60 minutes. [21]" ], "bullets": [] } ], "table": { "caption": "Assessment tools and their appropriate role. [13][19][20][21]", "columns": [ "Tool or method", "Best use", "Decision limitation" ], "rows": [ [ "Acute Stress Disorder Scale", "Adult self-report assessment of ASD symptoms. [20]", "Supports assessment; ASD remains a clinical diagnosis. [20]" ], [ "Acute Stress Disorder Interview", "Structured interview support in high-volume settings. [20]", "Does not replace assessment of impairment, exclusions, and safety. [20]" ], [ "Child Stress Disorders Checklist", "Brief child assessment of ASD and PTSD symptoms. [20]", "Interpret within developmental context and clinical evaluation. [20]" ], [ "PTSD Checklist", "Clinical screening and symptom tracking. [13][15]", "A screening result is not a stand-alone diagnostic determination. [13][19]" ], [ "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale", "Structured PTSD diagnostic assessment and functional-impact evaluation. [21]", "Addresses PTSD assessment rather than the time-defined ASD diagnosis. [21][22]" ] ] } }, { "id": "differential-diagnosis", "eyebrow": "Diagnostic branches", "heading": "Separate ASD from PTSD, expected stress responses, and mimics", "intro": "Duration, qualifying trauma exposure, impairment, and exclusion of alternative causes drive the differential.", "paragraphs": [ "When symptoms are present for fewer than 3 days after trauma, do not diagnose ASD; provide safety assessment, practical support, and follow-up based on symptom severity. When symptoms persist for more than 1 month, assess PTSD criteria and functional impairment rather than retaining the ASD diagnosis. [20][22]", "Consider adjustment disorder when distress follows a nonqualifying stressor or when the presentation does not meet trauma-related disorder requirements. The distinction from ASD depends on the trauma exposure requirement, duration, symptom pattern, and whether another psychiatric condition better accounts for the presentation. [7][20]", "Evaluate dissociation carefully when the patient reports depersonalization, derealization, amnesia, or altered awareness. Neurologic disorders, including temporal lobe epilepsy, can overlap phenomenologically with dissociative symptoms; recurrent stereotyped episodes, impaired awareness outside trauma cues, automatisms, post-event confusion, or neurologic findings should prompt a neurologic rather than purely psychiatric evaluation. [16]", "Reassess for major depressive disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, substance-induced anxiety or dissociation, delirium, psychotic disorders, and traumatic brain injury when the symptom pattern is not clearly cue-linked, when mood or psychotic symptoms predominate, or when cognitive changes fluctuate. ASD should not be diagnosed when another medical, substance-related, or psychiatric condition better explains the syndrome. [20][22]" ], "bullets": [], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "High-yield distinctions in the first month after trauma. [7][16][20][22]", "columns": [ "Alternative", "Discriminator", "Clinical next step" ], "rows": [ [ "Expected acute stress response", "Symptoms have lasted <3 days or do not produce clinically significant impairment. [20]", "Support safety and functioning; reassess if symptoms persist or worsen. [20]" ], [ "PTSD", "Required trauma-related symptoms persist >1 month with distress or impairment. [22]", "Shift to PTSD diagnostic assessment and treatment planning. [22]" ], [ "Adjustment disorder", "Stressor-related distress does not fulfill the qualifying trauma-based ASD framework. [7][20]", "Assess the specific stressor, impairment, and competing diagnoses. [7][20]" ], [ "Substance, medication, or medical condition", "Timing or phenomenology suggests intoxication, withdrawal, medication effect, neurologic illness, or other medical cause. [20][22]", "Evaluate and treat the alternative cause before assigning ASD. [20]" ], [ "Neurologic episodic disorder", "Dissociative-like symptoms may overlap with temporal lobe epilepsy. [16]", "Obtain neurologic assessment when episodes are stereotyped or otherwise neurologically concerning. [16]" ] ] } }, { "id": "early-management", "eyebrow": "Management", "heading": "Use supportive, safety-focused early care and targeted follow-up", "intro": "Management in the first month should match clinical severity without assuming that prophylactic treatment prevents PTSD.", "paragraphs": [ "Address immediate drivers of impairment at each visit: sleep disruption, pain, injury-related disability, medication adherence, substance use, interpersonal safety, and barriers to return visits. Give the patient a defined follow-up interval before the 1-month diagnostic transition, with earlier reassessment for worsening distress, dissociation, functional decline, or emergent self-harm risk. ASD is time-sensitive because persistence beyond 1 month requires PTSD reassessment. [20][22]", "Psychological first aid and trauma-focused psychotherapy are described as early-intervention approaches, while pharmacotherapy has a limited role in ASD management. Do not start medication solely to prevent PTSD: VA/DoD guidance states that evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy in the immediate post-trauma period for PTSD prevention. [6][20]", "When symptoms are sufficiently severe to require specialty treatment, refer to a clinician able to provide trauma-focused psychotherapy and coordinate with the patient's medical team. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and EMDR are established trauma-focused psychotherapies for PTSD; their availability can inform planning if symptoms persist into PTSD, but early post-trauma preventive benefit remains uncertain. [3][6][8]" ], "bullets": [ "Before discharge or clinic checkout, provide a documented crisis pathway, a specific follow-up date, and instructions to seek urgent reassessment for self-harm risk, inability to function safely, severe confusion, or escalating substance use. [20]", "At follow-up, repeat symptom and functional assessment rather than relying on the initial diagnostic label; timing since trauma determines whether ASD or PTSD criteria are being evaluated. [20][22]", "Coordinate care when trauma occurred during medical treatment, injury recovery, or hospitalization so that pain, sleep, rehabilitation, and psychiatric symptoms are assessed together. [20]" ], "subsections": [ { "heading": "Avoid overmedicalizing normal early distress", "paragraphs": [ "An acute reaction after trauma is not by itself ASD. The diagnostic threshold requires duration of at least 3 days, clinically significant distress or impairment, and exclusion of competing causes. This threshold supports active monitoring and practical support without prematurely converting a transient reaction into a psychiatric diagnosis. [20]" ], "bullets": [] } ], "table": { "caption": "Follow-up actions by clinical course. [6][20][22]", "columns": [ "Clinical course", "Action", "Reason" ], "rows": [ [ "Symptoms improve and functioning returns before 1 month", "Continue safety-netting and reassess only if symptoms recur or impairment returns. [20]", "ASD requires clinically significant distress or impairment. [20]" ], [ "ASD symptoms persist within the first month", "Repeat safety assessment, assess functional decline and alternative causes, and arrange trauma-focused clinical follow-up. [20]", "ASD is time-limited and may evolve into PTSD. [20][22]" ], [ "Symptoms continue beyond 1 month", "Evaluate for PTSD using a comprehensive diagnostic assessment. [22]", "PTSD requires symptom persistence for more than 1 month. [22]" ], [ "Request for medication solely to prevent PTSD immediately after trauma", "Discuss uncertainty and avoid representing prophylactic pharmacotherapy as established care. [6]", "Evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against immediate post-trauma pharmacotherapy for PTSD prevention. [6]" ] ] } }, { "id": "documentation-and-transition", "eyebrow": "Continuity", "heading": "Document the diagnostic clock and hand off at the 1-month threshold", "intro": "A precise timeline prevents both missed PTSD and prolonged use of an ASD label.", "paragraphs": [ "Record the date of trauma, first symptom date, current symptom domains, functional consequences, safety findings, substance and medication review, and the planned reassessment date. This documentation makes the 3-day minimum and 1-month transition operational and permits another clinician to determine whether the patient remains within the ASD window. [20][22]", "At the transition visit, do not simply renew ASD. If clinically significant trauma-related symptoms remain after 1 month, reassess PTSD criteria, comorbid depression, anxiety, substance use, dissociative symptoms, and suicidality; structured diagnostic evaluation can incorporate personal history, collateral information, and the mental status examination. [22]", "For pediatric patients, use developmentally appropriate assessment and involve caregivers when safe and clinically appropriate. Trauma-focused treatment courses for young people are commonly delivered individually over 10 to 20 weekly sessions when indicated for PTSD-related symptoms. [8][20]" ], "bullets": [ "Document whether the traumatic event meets the required exposure criterion rather than recording only a nonspecific stressor. [20]", "Specify whether symptoms are within 3 days, 3 days to less than 1 month, or beyond 1 month after trauma. [20][22]", "Include a named responsible clinician or service for reassessment when symptoms or impairment persist. [19][20]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Minimum reassessment documentation for trauma-related symptoms. [19][20][22]", "columns": [ "Document", "Why it changes care" ], "rows": [ [ "Trauma date and qualifying exposure", "Establishes whether a trauma-related diagnosis is being considered and anchors duration criteria. [20][22]" ], [ "Symptom onset and current duration", "Distinguishes reactions lasting <3 days, ASD from 3 days to <1 month, and PTSD evaluation after >1 month. [20][22]" ], [ "Functional impairment", "Clinically significant distress or impairment is required for ASD and PTSD diagnoses. [20][22]" ], [ "Safety, substance, medication, and medical review", "Identifies urgent disposition needs and alternative explanations that exclude ASD. [20][22]" ], [ "Follow-up date and referral plan", "Ensures reassessment across the time-dependent ASD-to-PTSD transition. [19][20][22]" ] ] } } ], "faq": [], "references": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Early Intervention for Clinicians in War Zones", "detail": "spj.science.org", "url": "https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/jemdr.0012", "authors": "spj.science.org", "host": "spj.science.org" }, { "number": 2, "title": "A Critique of the 2025 American Psychological Association ...", "detail": "spj.science.org", "url": "https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/jemdr.0034", "authors": "spj.science.org", "host": "spj.science.org" }, { "number": 3, "title": "Randomized Controlled Trial on the Provision of the EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol Adapted for Ongoing Traumatic Stress to Female Patients With Cancer-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms", "detail": "spj.science.org", "url": "https://spj.science.org/doi/10.1891/1933-3196.12.3.94", "authors": "spj.science.org", "host": "spj.science.org" }, { "number": 4, "title": "The Current Status of EMDR Therapy, Specific Target ...", "detail": "spj.science.org", "url": "https://spj.science.org/doi/10.1891/EMDR-D-20-00039", "authors": "spj.science.org", "host": "spj.science.org" }, { "number": 5, "title": "Lavender's healing effect on epilepsy, depression, anxiety ...", "detail": "www.cell.com", "url": "https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(23)05700-6", "authors": "www.cell.com", "host": "www.cell.com" }, { "number": 6, "title": "Post‐traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization ...", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wps.21269", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com" }, { "number": 7, "title": "A review of acute stress disorder in DSM‐5 - 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Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.", "citations": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Early Intervention for Clinicians in War Zones", "detail": "spj.science.org", "url": "https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/jemdr.0012", "authors": "spj.science.org", "host": "spj.science.org", "snippet": "by C Palen · 2025 · Cited by 8 — The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition, Text Revision (DSM-5 TR) [14] categorizes the diagnosis of acute stress disorder (ASD)", "score": 0.38297242 }, { "number": 2, "title": "A Critique of the 2025 American Psychological Association ...", "detail": "spj.science.org", "url": "https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/jemdr.0034", "authors": "spj.science.org", "host": "spj.science.org", "snippet": "A guide to guidelines for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults: An update. Psychotherapy. 2019;56(3):359–373. GO TO REFERENCE. 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According to the World Health Organization (2013), trauma-fo", "score": 0.17852616 }, { "number": 4, "title": "The Current Status of EMDR Therapy, Specific Target ...", "detail": "spj.science.org", "url": "https://spj.science.org/doi/10.1891/EMDR-D-20-00039", "authors": "spj.science.org", "host": "spj.science.org", "snippet": "While eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)", "score": 0.08633136 }, { "number": 5, "title": "Lavender's healing effect on epilepsy, depression, anxiety ...", "detail": "www.cell.com", "url": "https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(23)05700-6", "authors": "www.cell.com", "host": "www.cell.com", "snippet": "by NH Bavarsad · 2023 · Cited by 72 — posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) . 2015 Randomized placebo-controlled trial Lavender cream 8 weeks Reduction in anxiety, stress, and", "score": 0.11669376 }, { "number": 6, "title": "Post‐traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization ...", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wps.21269", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "335 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. New ISTSS prevention and treatment guidelines. Chicago: International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 2018. Google Scholar \n 336 US Departments of Veterans Affairs and Defense. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of p", "score": 0.38741276 }, { "number": 7, "title": "A review of acute stress disorder in DSM‐5 - Bryant - 2011", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/da.20737", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "3 This review addresses (a) the definition of ASD, (b) the distinction between ASD and ASRs, (c) the overlap between ASD and Adjustment Disorder", "score": 0.29442337 }, { "number": 8, "title": "Practitioner Review: Posttraumatic stress disorder and its ...", "detail": "acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12983", "authors": "acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by P Smith · 2019 · Cited by 168 — A course of trauma-focused treatment lasts from 10 to 20 weekly sessions, is usually delivered individually to the young person, and will almost", "score": 0.27489898 }, { "number": 9, "title": "Clinical and cost‐effectiveness of eye movement ...", "detail": "bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjop.70005", "authors": "bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by E Simpson · 2025 · Cited by 23 — Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. American Psychiatric", "score": 0.2389322 }, { "number": 10, "title": "Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom change in youth ...", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jts.70030", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by Q Cai · 2026 · Cited by 1 — Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based treatment widely used for youth experiencing symptoms related to", "score": 0.17694198 }, { "number": 11, "title": "Early‐stage randomised controlled trial of therapist‐supported ...", "detail": "acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.14124", "authors": "acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by P Smith · 2025 · Cited by 3 — Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: A randomized controlled trial", "score": 0.15338454 }, { "number": 12, "title": "Post‐traumatic stress disorder", "detail": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wps.21269", "authors": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "host": "onlinelibrary.wiley.com", "snippet": "by CR Brewin · 2025 · Cited by 135 — In the DSM- 555, PTSD was moved from Anxiety Disorders to a new diagnostic section named “Trauma- and Stressor- Related Dis- orders”, and the definition of", "score": 0.11693554 }, { "number": 13, "title": "The diagnostic accuracy of the PTSD Checklist: A critical review", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272735810001066", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "The _Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale_ (CAPS) (Blake et al., 1995) and the _Structured Clinical Interview for DSM_ (First, Spitzer, Miriam, & Williams, 2002) are the most commonly employed interviews for assessment of PTSD diagnosis in diagnostic accuracy studies. The CAPS is generally considered t", "score": 0.46424627 }, { "number": 14, "title": "Acute Stress Disorder - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/acute-stress-disorder", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "Title: Acute Stress Disorder - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics\nAcute stress disorder (ASD) is defined as a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by symptoms of dissociation, re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal following a traumatic event, lasting from a minimum of two days to a maximum of four ", "score": 0.45246392 }, { "number": 15, "title": "The diagnostic accuracy of the PTSD Checklist: A critical review - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735810001066", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "Title: The diagnostic accuracy of the PTSD Checklist: A critical review - ScienceDirect\nRecommendations and cautions regarding the use of the PCL as a clinical screening test, a diagnostic tool in research, and as an estimator of PTSD population prevalence are provided. Although there are several PT", "score": 0.39131343 }, { "number": 16, "title": "Dissociative and neuropsychological symptoms: The question of differential diagnosis - ScienceDirect", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/027273589500012E", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "Title: Dissociative and neuropsychological symptoms: The question of differential diagnosis - ScienceDirect\nRecent literature raises questions about the relationship between dissociative symptoms and neurological disorders. In this article, we consider issues pertinent to the differential diagnosis ", "score": 0.3607373 }, { "number": 17, "title": "Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children ...", "detail": "pediatrics.aappublications.org", "url": "https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/1/e20193447", "authors": "pediatrics.aappublications.org", "host": "pediatrics.aappublications.org", "snippet": "The DSM-5 established a single category of ASD to replace the subtypes of autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental", "score": 0.124649465 }, { "number": 18, "title": "Prevention of Traumatic Stress in Mothers of Preterms", "detail": "pediatrics.aappublications.org", "url": "https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/2/e481/tab-e-letters", "authors": "pediatrics.aappublications.org", "host": "pediatrics.aappublications.org", "snippet": "A brief 6-session intervention based on principles of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy was effective at reducing symptoms of trauma,", "score": 0.12439397 }, { "number": 19, "title": "Screening and Assessment - Trauma-Informed Care in ... - NCBI", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207188", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "The recent publication of the DSM-5 (APA, 2013a) reflects changes to certain diagnostic criteria, which will affect screening tools and criteria for trauma-related disorders. Criterion A2 (specific to traumatic stress disorders, acute stress, and posttraumatic stress disorders), included in the four", "score": 0.55072874 }, { "number": 20, "title": "Acute Stress Disorder - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560815", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "Acute stress disorder is a time-sensitive trauma- and stressor-related condition characterized by intrusive symptoms, dissociation, avoidance, hyperarousal, functional impairment, psychiatric comorbidity, and risk of progression to posttraumatic stress disorder following trauma exposure. This activi", "score": 0.5379402 }, { "number": 21, "title": "Table 1, Gold Standard Structured Diagnostic Interviews for Diagnosing PTSD - Screening for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Primary Care: A Systematic Review - NCBI Bookshelf", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK126692/table/methods.t1", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "| Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) | Structured diagnostic interview that assesses both DSM-IV (Axis I) and ICD-10 conditions. Disorders are grouped in modules so modules of interest can be administered individually. | Yes/No response items and items with variable response options", "score": 0.5367749 }, { "number": 22, "title": "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf", "detail": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559129", "authors": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "Novel Approaches\n\nIn 2020, the FDA cleared a class II medical device that uses the hardware of common smart-watches to monitor heart rate during sleep for individuals with PTSD with the goal of correlating physiologic response (biofeedback) to PTSD-related nightmares.(#article-27568.r66)\n\n## Differe", "score": 0.49099278 }, { "number": 23, "title": "The Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): Development and Evaluation Within a Veteran Primary Care Sample", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5023594", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "The Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD)9 is a four-item measure that reflects the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) PTSD diagnostic criteria.10 Using a score of three as the screening threshold,9 the PC-PTSD demonstrates better operating characteristics th", "score": 0.39201146 }, { "number": 24, "title": "DSM-5 AND ICD-11 DEFINITIONS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: INVESTIGATING “NARROW” AND “BROAD” APPROACHES", "detail": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4211431", "authors": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "host": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "snippet": "As detailed elsewhere, blinded clinical reappraisal interviews with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) were conducted in four WMH countries. CIDI–SCID concordance for DSMIV PTSD was moderate (_κ_ = .49; area under the curve (AUC) = .69). The two components of AUC, sensitivity and sp", "score": 0.37072703 } ], "publishedAt": "2026-08-24T16:48:55.560327+00:00", "updatedAt": "2026-08-24T16:48:55.560327+00:00", "readingMinutes": 6, "slug": "acute-stress-disorder" }