{ "schemaVersion": 2, "eyebrow": "Infectious Diseases", "title": "Acute Pyelonephritis", "summary": "Acute pyelonephritis requires prompt distinction from uncomplicated lower urinary infection and obstructed upper-tract infection. The supplied results do not contain a pyelonephritis-specific guideline, antimicrobial regimen, imaging pathway, or disposition criteria; treatment decisions require current dedicated guidance and local susceptibility data.", "seoDescription": "Acute pyelonephritis overview for physicians: diagnostic priorities, limits of available evidence, and need for current antimicrobial and imaging guidance.", "clinicalQuestion": "How should physicians evaluate and manage suspected acute pyelonephritis while identifying patients who need urgent source control?", "specialty": "Infectious Diseases", "audience": "U.S. physicians and medical trainees", "tags": [ "acute pyelonephritis", "upper urinary tract infection", "complicated urinary tract infection", "urosepsis", "urinary obstruction" ], "keyTakeaways": [ "The supplied search results do not provide pyelonephritis-specific evidence sufficient to support antibiotic selection, dosing, imaging thresholds, admission criteria, or source-control recommendations.", "Host-response testing for acute infection and sepsis remains adjunctive: a recent prospective study evaluated bacterial, viral, and severity risk classification in emergency-department patients, but reported that interventional studies are still needed to establish actionability and clinical benefit. [5]", "When evaluating diagnostic-test literature, sensitivity and specificity require comparison with an appropriate reference standard in the intended-use population; comparison only with a non-reference method supports agreement measures, not diagnostic accuracy. [1]" ], "sections": [ { "id": "scope-and-evidence-limitations", "eyebrow": "Editorial scope", "heading": "Evidence available for this topic is insufficient for a treatment protocol", "intro": "The supplied results are not a pyelonephritis-focused evidence set.", "paragraphs": [ "No supplied source addresses the diagnostic criteria, microbiologic testing strategy, empiric or directed antimicrobial regimens, renal-dose adjustments, imaging indications, hospitalization criteria, pregnancy-specific management, or urologic decompression of acute pyelonephritis. Therefore, a specific management algorithm, drug dose, duration, or procedural recommendation cannot be evidence-supported from these results.", "Do not extrapolate antibiotic regimens from unrelated infection syndromes or from general discussions of diagnostic technologies. Acute pyelonephritis management should instead be verified against a current pyelonephritis or complicated urinary tract infection guideline, local antibiogram, renal function, pregnancy status, prior cultures, recent antimicrobial exposure, and the possibility of obstruction or sepsis." ], "bullets": [], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "", "columns": [], "rows": [] } }, { "id": "diagnostic-priorities", "eyebrow": "Diagnosis", "heading": "Frame testing around infection, severity, and anatomic complication", "intro": "The highest immediate diagnostic value is identifying patients at risk for deterioration or an alternative process requiring urgent intervention.", "paragraphs": [ "The supplied sepsis-host-response study supports separating the questions of whether infection is present, whether bacterial infection is likely, and whether the patient is at risk for near-term critical-care interventions. In its emergency-department cohort, the evaluated assay generated bacterial, viral, and severity scores; the severity endpoint was mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, and/or new renal replacement therapy within 7 days. [5]", "This evidence does not validate a host-response assay as a replacement for urine testing, urine culture, blood cultures when clinically indicated, imaging, or source-control assessment in suspected pyelonephritis. The study authors explicitly state that interventional studies are needed to establish actionability and clinical benefit. [5]" ], "bullets": [ "Interpret any diagnostic-test performance estimate in its study population, intended use, target condition, and reference standard. FDA notes that sensitivity and specificity estimates may vary by population and study design. [1]", "If a study compares a new assay only with a non-reference comparator, report positive and negative percent agreement rather than sensitivity and specificity; agreement does not establish correctness. [1]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "Diagnostic-evidence interpretation relevant to emerging infection assays [1]", "columns": [ "Study comparison", "Appropriate interpretation", "Clinical implication" ], "rows": [ [ "Index test versus reference standard", "Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and predictive values may be estimated when the reference standard establishes target-condition status. [1]", "Assess whether the reference standard and study population match suspected pyelonephritis care." ], [ "Index test versus non-reference comparator", "Use positive and negative percent agreement; sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios cannot be validly inferred without condition status. [1]", "Do not use agreement alone to rule in or rule out pyelonephritis." ], [ "Discordant-result resolution only", "FDA advises against revising the primary comparison table using discrepant resolution, which can bias apparent performance upward. [1]", "Do not assume a positive novel test is correct simply because it disagrees with a comparator." ] ] } }, { "id": "emerging-host-response-testing", "eyebrow": "Adjunctive testing", "heading": "Host-response molecular testing may refine uncertainty but has not established pyelonephritis-specific utility", "intro": "Use only within cleared indications and established local workflows.", "paragraphs": [ "In a prospective observational study of 1,222 adults presenting to emergency departments with suspected acute infection or sepsis, a 29-mRNA host-response test reported AUROCs of 0.83 for bacterial infection, 0.91 for viral infection, and 0.78 for a composite 7-day critical-care endpoint. The study used post hoc clinical adjudication for infection status and reported that further interventional testing is necessary to prove clinical benefit. [5]", "The study population included suspected infections from multiple sites, with urinary tract infection among the most common bacterial infection locations. However, it was not designed as a pyelonephritis diagnostic or treatment trial. Its reported performance therefore should not be treated as evidence for changing urine-culture strategy, outpatient eligibility, antimicrobial selection, or decisions about urinary decompression in an individual with suspected acute pyelonephritis. [5]" ], "bullets": [ "Potential role: adjunctive risk stratification when conventional assessment leaves uncertainty about infection type or risk of deterioration. [5]", "Key limitation: observational diagnostic/prognostic performance is not evidence that use improves antibiotic stewardship, disposition, or patient outcomes. [5]", "Implementation requirement: preserve clinical assessment, microbiologic evaluation, and assessment for anatomic complications; no supplied result supports replacing these steps." ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "", "columns": [], "rows": [] } }, { "id": "antimicrobial-stewardship", "eyebrow": "Antibiotic stewardship", "heading": "Avoid unsupported empiric regimens", "intro": "The supplied evidence does not support named pyelonephritis regimens or durations.", "paragraphs": [ "Antimicrobial stewardship is clinically important because unnecessary antibiotic exposure can cause adverse events and contribute to resistance. The supplied acute-infection study emphasizes the tension between rapid treatment of true severe infection and overtreatment when infection is uncertain. [5]", "A CDC discussion of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis illustrates the general stewardship principle that clinical criteria should distinguish likely bacterial from viral syndromes before antibiotics are used, but it is not applicable as a pyelonephritis treatment source. [19] No supplied source provides adequate evidence for a specific pyelonephritis antibiotic, dose, duration, oral step-down approach, susceptibility threshold, or renal adjustment." ], "bullets": [ "Before prescribing, obtain current syndrome-specific guidance and local antimicrobial susceptibility data.", "Do not use this article as a source for pyelonephritis antibiotic dosing, duration, or pregnancy management; those details are absent from the supplied evidence." ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "", "columns": [], "rows": [] } }, { "id": "next-clinical-action", "eyebrow": "Point of care", "heading": "What to verify before making a pyelonephritis treatment decision", "intro": "Use a dedicated current source to close the evidence gaps.", "paragraphs": [ "For a patient with suspected acute pyelonephritis, the immediate clinical task is to determine whether the presentation represents upper-tract infection, another diagnosis, or infection complicated by systemic illness or obstruction. The supplied evidence supports caution in interpreting novel diagnostic assays and underscores that severity assessment is distinct from infection classification. [1][5]", "Before finalizing treatment or disposition, verify current guideline-based recommendations for microbiologic sampling, pregnancy, renal dysfunction, structural urinary disease, recent resistant organisms, prior antimicrobial exposure, drug allergy, ability to take oral therapy, and indications for imaging and urgent urologic intervention. These patient-level decisions cannot be derived from the supplied search results." ], "bullets": [ "Escalate evaluation promptly when clinical features suggest severe infection, hemodynamic compromise, or a need for organ-support interventions; the severity outcome used in the supplied emergency-department study included vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, and new renal replacement therapy within 7 days. [5]", "Use diagnostic assays as adjuncts only when their intended use, comparator standard, and limitations are understood. [1][5]" ], "subsections": [], "table": { "caption": "", "columns": [], "rows": [] } } ], "faq": [ { "question": "Can this evidence set support a specific empiric antibiotic regimen for acute pyelonephritis?", "answer": "No. None of the supplied sources provides pyelonephritis-specific antibiotic selection, dose, duration, renal adjustment, resistance threshold, or oral step-down evidence. Obtain current dedicated guidance and local susceptibility data." }, { "question": "Can a host-response blood test diagnose acute pyelonephritis?", "answer": "Not from the supplied evidence. The available study evaluated broad emergency-department populations with suspected acute infection or sepsis, not a pyelonephritis-specific diagnostic pathway, and concluded that interventional studies are needed to establish clinical benefit. [5]" }, { "question": "Why does the reference standard matter when assessing a new infection test?", "answer": "Without a reference standard establishing target-condition status, a comparison measures agreement rather than diagnostic accuracy. FDA recommends positive and negative percent agreement in that setting and cautions against labeling these measures sensitivity or specificity. [1]" } ], "references": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Reporting Results from Studies Evaluating Diagnostic Tests - FDA", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/statistical-guidance-reporting-results-studies-evaluating-diagnostic-tests-guidance-industry-and-fda", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov" }, { "number": 2, "title": "European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and ...", "detail": "jnis.bmj.com", "url": "https://jnis.bmj.com/content/16/9/1", "authors": "jnis.bmj.com", "host": "jnis.bmj.com" }, { "number": 3, "title": "Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout: A Clinical ...", "detail": "annals.org", "url": "https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2578528/management-acute-recurrent-gout-clinical-practice-guideline-from-american-college", "authors": "annals.org", "host": "annals.org" }, { "number": 4, "title": "Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic ...", "detail": "annals.org", "url": "https://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326%2FM16-2367", "authors": "annals.org", "host": "annals.org" }, { "number": 5, "title": "Clinical validation of an AI-based blood testing device for ...", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-03933-y", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com" }, { "number": 6, "title": "A unified framework for diagnostic test development and ...", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-024-00691-9", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com" }, { "number": 7, "title": "ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.94.9.2341", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org" }, { "number": 8, "title": "2026 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ACEP/CHEST/SCAI/SHM/SIR/SVM/ ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001415", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org" }, { "number": 9, "title": "2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STR.0000000000000513", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org" }, { "number": 10, "title": "fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use ...", "detail": "go.nature.com", "url": "https://go.nature.com/3zbxvqg", "authors": "go.nature.com", "host": "go.nature.com" }, { "number": 11, "title": "DOSAGE: Dataset for Optimized Safe Antibiotic Guidelines ...", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05761-8.pdf", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com" }, { "number": 12, "title": "Medication Errors in Acute Cardiovascular and Stroke ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/cir.0b013e3181d4b43e", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org" }, { "number": 13, "title": "Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling for ...", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-43258-9", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com" }, { "number": 14, "title": "Network meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895435617309411", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 15, "title": "Diagnostic Accuracy - an overview", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/diagnostic-accuracy", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 16, "title": "Biomarkers for advancing diagnosis and prognosis in stroke", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474442225004806", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 17, "title": "Diagnosis of acute serious illness: the role of point-of-care ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2468451119300327", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com" }, { "number": 18, "title": "CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids ...", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov" }, { "number": 19, "title": "Diagnosing and Treating Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/patient-safety/stories/diagnose-treat-acute-bacterial-rhinosinusitis-new-guidance.html", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov" }, { "number": 20, "title": "CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov" }, { "number": 21, "title": "2022 Clinical Practice Guideline Partner Toolkit | Overdose Prevention | CDC", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/hcp/toolkits/2022-clinical-practice-guideline-partner-toolkit.html", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov" }, { "number": 22, "title": "Clinical Policies", "detail": "www.acep.org", "url": "https://www.acep.org/patient-care/clinical-policies", "authors": "www.acep.org", "host": "www.acep.org" }, { "number": 23, "title": "Clinical Guidelines", "detail": "www.acep.org", "url": "https://www.acep.org/resource/categories/search-facets/topics/clinical-guidelines", "authors": "www.acep.org", "host": "www.acep.org" }, { "number": 24, "title": "Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and ...", "detail": "www.annemergmed.com", "url": "https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(22)00366-3/fulltext", "authors": "www.annemergmed.com", "host": "www.annemergmed.com" } ], "editorialNote": "Prepared from cited clinical literature using Astra's research workflow. Verify recommendations against current guidance and patient-specific factors.", "citations": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Reporting Results from Studies Evaluating Diagnostic Tests - FDA", "detail": "www.fda.gov", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/statistical-guidance-reporting-results-studies-evaluating-diagnostic-tests-guidance-industry-and-fda", "authors": "www.fda.gov", "host": "www.fda.gov", "snippet": "The reference standard can be a single test or method, or a combination of methods and techniques, including clinical follow-up. If a reference standard is a combination of methods, the algorithm specifying how the different results are combined to make a final positive/negative classification (whic", "score": 0.09067929 }, { "number": 2, "title": "European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and ...", "detail": "jnis.bmj.com", "url": "https://jnis.bmj.com/content/16/9/1", "authors": "jnis.bmj.com", "host": "jnis.bmj.com", "snippet": "by D Strbian · 2024 · Cited by 44 — The aim of the present European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations on the acute management of patients with", "score": 0.5518883 }, { "number": 3, "title": "Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout: A Clinical ...", "detail": "annals.org", "url": "https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2578528/management-acute-recurrent-gout-clinical-practice-guideline-from-american-college", "authors": "annals.org", "host": "annals.org", "snippet": "by A Qaseem · 2017 · Cited by 424 — This clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians addresses the management of acute and recurrent gout in adults.", "score": 0.47387698 }, { "number": 4, "title": "Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic ...", "detail": "annals.org", "url": "https://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326%2FM16-2367", "authors": "annals.org", "host": "annals.org", "snippet": "by A Qaseem · 2017 · Cited by 4262 — This guideline from the ACP provides clinical recommendations about noninvasive pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment of low back", "score": 0.19826624 }, { "number": 5, "title": "Clinical validation of an AI-based blood testing device for ...", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-03933-y", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "## Discussion\n\nDiagnosis and prognosis of patients presenting with symptoms of acute infections or suspected sepsis is an ongoing clinical challenge. Current diagnostic tools have limited sensitivity or require a long time to obtain results and do not assess prognosis or etiology6.\"),8.\"),24.\"). Pat", "score": 0.3499997 }, { "number": 6, "title": "A unified framework for diagnostic test development and ...", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-024-00691-9", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "Joint data collection and sharing infrastructure can be used to make infected samples available to test developers.\n\nThreshold selection for diagnostic tests must be done in advance, but the optimal threshold depends on ever-changing disease prevalences and consequences of misclassification.\n\n A l", "score": 0.23978564 }, { "number": 7, "title": "ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.94.9.2341", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org", "snippet": "by TJ Ryan · 1996 · Cited by 426 — These guidelines are intended for physicians, nurses, and allied healthcare personnel who care for patients with suspected or established acute myocardial", "score": 0.35952207 }, { "number": 8, "title": "2026 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ACEP/CHEST/SCAI/SHM/SIR/SVM/ ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001415", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org", "snippet": "Finally, the guideline provides recommendations on follow-up management, including patient education, activity after an acute PE, indications", "score": 0.35093334 }, { "number": 9, "title": "2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STR.0000000000000513", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org", "snippet": "This updated guideline is intended to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date, evidence-based set of recommendations, advising management from", "score": 0.18382828 }, { "number": 10, "title": "fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use ...", "detail": "go.nature.com", "url": "https://go.nature.com/3zbxvqg", "authors": "go.nature.com", "host": "go.nature.com", "snippet": "patient by a state-licensed pharmacist for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death, in accordance with the FDA-approved ", "score": 0.5746579 }, { "number": 11, "title": "DOSAGE: Dataset for Optimized Safe Antibiotic Guidelines ...", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05761-8.pdf", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "Data Extraction and Extent Determination. Targeted Google searches were conducted for each generic drug to obtain detailed information on the four features. Coverage areas are defined for each feature depending on the cri-teria representing the DOSAGE features, as shown in Figure 2. Usual doses repr", "score": 0.49685127 }, { "number": 12, "title": "Medication Errors in Acute Cardiovascular and Stroke ...", "detail": "www.ahajournals.org", "url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/cir.0b013e3181d4b43e", "authors": "www.ahajournals.org", "host": "www.ahajournals.org", "snippet": "by AD Michaels · 2010 · Cited by 130 — Therefore, careful attention to changes in renal and hepatic function and dose adjustment based on these parameters is essential.", "score": 0.44102347 }, { "number": 13, "title": "Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling for ...", "detail": "www.nature.com", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-43258-9", "authors": "www.nature.com", "host": "www.nature.com", "snippet": "by D Gao · 2023 · Cited by 6 — The PBPK model suggested that dosing regimens should be reduced to 200 mg BID and 100 mg BID in patients with moderate and severe hepatic", "score": 0.10782225 }, { "number": 14, "title": "Network meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895435617309411", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "by RK Owen · 2018 · Cited by 59 — MoCA at threshold <26/30 appeared to have the best true positive rate, whereas MMSE at threshold <25/30 appeared to have the best true negative rate. early", "score": 0.31497744 }, { "number": 15, "title": "Diagnostic Accuracy - an overview", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/diagnostic-accuracy", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "ROC analysis has a natural application to some problems in medical diagnosis. For example, in a blood serum assay of carbohydrate antigens (e.g., CA 125 or CA 19–9) to detect the presence of certain types of cancer, a single number results from the diagnostic test. The distributions of result values", "score": 0.15074033 }, { "number": 16, "title": "Biomarkers for advancing diagnosis and prognosis in stroke", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474442225004806", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "by S Tiedt · 2026 · Cited by 10 — Current clinical algorithms lack the precision to diagnose stroke before hospital admission, predict disease progression and recovery, or assess recurrence risk", "score": 0.14245868 }, { "number": 17, "title": "Diagnosis of acute serious illness: the role of point-of-care ...", "detail": "www.sciencedirect.com", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2468451119300327", "authors": "www.sciencedirect.com", "host": "www.sciencedirect.com", "snippet": "by GL Damhorst · 2019 · Cited by 14 — In this review, we present aspects of diagnosis of acute life-threatening diseases and describe the potential role of POC technologies, emphasizing the", "score": 0.09029351 }, { "number": 18, "title": "CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids ...", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov", "snippet": "This clinical practice guideline is intended for clinicians who are treating outpatients aged ≥18 years with acute (duration of <1 month), subacute (duration of 1–3 months), or chronic (duration of >3 months) pain, and excludes pain management related to sickle cell disease, cancer-related pain trea", "score": 0.5402697 }, { "number": 19, "title": "Diagnosing and Treating Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/patient-safety/stories/diagnose-treat-acute-bacterial-rhinosinusitis-new-guidance.html", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov", "snippet": "My coauthors and I developed the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)'s Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Children and Adults to help physicians make sense of how to best diagnose and treat rhinosinusitis.\n\nOur goals for the guideline are to inform physicians", "score": 0.44189036 }, { "number": 20, "title": "CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov", "snippet": "The clinical evidence review found that opioid use for acute pain (i.e., pain with abrupt onset and caused by an injury or other process that is not ongoing) is associated with long-term opioid use, and that a greater amount of early opioid exposure is associated with greater risk for long-term use ", "score": 0.3669078 }, { "number": 21, "title": "2022 Clinical Practice Guideline Partner Toolkit | Overdose Prevention | CDC", "detail": "www.cdc.gov", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/hcp/toolkits/2022-clinical-practice-guideline-partner-toolkit.html", "authors": "www.cdc.gov", "host": "www.cdc.gov", "snippet": "CDC's 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain, which updates and replaces the 2016 CDC Guideline, is a clinical tool to improve communication between clinicians and patients and empower them to make collaborative, individualized, and informed decisions related to pain care.", "score": 0.35213548 }, { "number": 22, "title": "Clinical Policies", "detail": "www.acep.org", "url": "https://www.acep.org/patient-care/clinical-policies", "authors": "www.acep.org", "host": "www.acep.org", "snippet": "### Abstracts of Clinical Policies\n\nThe ACEP Clinical Policies Committee regularly reviews guidelines published by other professional medical societies. Periodically, new guidelines are identified on topics with particular relevance to the clinical practice of emergency medicine. Abstraction of thes", "score": 0.33424217 }, { "number": 23, "title": "Clinical Guidelines", "detail": "www.acep.org", "url": "https://www.acep.org/resource/categories/search-facets/topics/clinical-guidelines", "authors": "www.acep.org", "host": "www.acep.org", "snippet": "Logo\n\nACEP ID:\n\nlogo\nlogo\n\n# Clinical Guidelines\n\n### Direct Oral Anticoagulants Clinical Policy\n\nDirect Oral Anticoagulants\nFindings and Strength of Recommendations\nClinical findings and strength of recommendations regarding patient management were made according to the following criteria:\nThe...\n\n", "score": 0.28856957 }, { "number": 24, "title": "Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and ...", "detail": "www.annemergmed.com", "url": "https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(22)00366-3/fulltext", "authors": "www.annemergmed.com", "host": "www.annemergmed.com", "snippet": "by SM Silvers · 2022 · Cited by 13 — This American College of Emergency Physicians' (ACEP) clinical policy is based on a systematic review and critical descriptive analysis of the", "score": 0.22428513 } ], "publishedAt": "2026-08-20T23:57:29.957957Z", "updatedAt": "2026-08-20T23:57:29.957957Z", "readingMinutes": 4, "slug": "acute-pyelonephritis" }